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学生选科高校选人 新高考影响几何

2017-09-11 07:58:40   央广网

从政策角度来分析,全国高校在2017年和2018年公布的报考要求中,都体现了三个相同的要点:第一,高校提出的专业选考科目是0门、1门、2门、3门,其中0门的比例超过了1-3门的总和;第二,不论高校提出的是1门、2门或者3门,学生必须根据自身特长选考3门,但只要满足高校选考要求的任何1门,即符合报考条件;第三,如果高校未设置专业选考科目或者说设置的0门选考,学生就可以根据自身特长自主选考3门。

2.高校不同专业可以找到相应的学生,学生的选择权与发展机会得到丰富

关于积极影响,要从两个方面来考察。一方面,高校专业的选考科目设置政策,保障的是文化考试的个性要求,必然影响高校的生源质量。另一方面,高校选考科目政策规定必然传导到中学教育,影响着学生的科目选择取向和发展方向。

从对高校教育的积极影响来看,首先,高校专业选考科目规定为0门的影响,2017、2018年在浙招生的全国高校。没有提出选考科目要求的为总专业数的54%与55.9%,这些专业主要是管理、金融、法学、艺术、法律、外语等。按相关高校解释,多数高校没提出专业选考科目要求的好处,是可以给高校专业留下文理兼招的自由竞争空间,丰富生源群体的学科多样化结构。他们担心设置选考科目,会人为限制生源群体数量与质量。新高考下,上海科目“6选3”选考组合有20个,浙江科目“7选3”有35个组合,这意味着学生群体被分成了20个或35个,每所高校都希望竞争每个群体的优秀生源,无疑需要自己设置的选考科目具有较大的包容性,以免某个群体的生源被自己的政策排除掉。因为这个自由竞争空间和生源多样化的群体,生源充足的学校专业和生源不足的学校专业,都可以招收到适合自己需求的学生。

其次,高校选考科目为1-3门的教育影响。从2017和2018年公布的数据看,选择1门、2门、3门的总比例大致为5%、8%、30%左右,这些学科大多为纯理工类专业,少数为文理兼招类或者文科类专业。高校设置了选考科目,表示了这些选考科目是高校专业培养目标必须要求的文化素养,他们希望招收到在规定的学科领域具有较高文化素养要求的学生。查阅高校公布的选考科目,可以发现不同高校的相同专业在选考科目规定上差异极大。同样是外语类专业,有的高校规定选考范围为历史、思想政治、物理,有的规定为历史、思想政治、地理,有的规定为历史、地理、物理,有的规定为历史、物理、技术等。同样是工商管理类、金融学类、财政学类、经济学类,有规定为历史、物理的,有规定为物理、化学的,有的只规定为物理等。同样是化学专业,有的高校选考物理、化学、生物,有的选考物理、化学,还有的只选考化学等。同样是数学专业,有只选考物理的,有选考物理、化学的,还有选考物理、化学、生物的,如此等等。由于学生只要满足高校规定1科要求就符合报考条件,可以肯定的是,这些不同科目要求,带来的会是不同高校间相同专业生源的不同文化素养,是高校自身专业的生源多样化结构,这对未来高校教学的针对性提出了较高的要求。不过,尽管高校相同专业有不同的选考科目要求,高校专业内的学生文化素养结构会多样化,但凡是学生没选考的那些科目的文化水平,都会有高中学业水平考试的基础性保障。

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