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一所高校的“小岗村试验”

2017-09-05 05:16:47   中国青年网

8月3日,西南交通大学实验室,新能源空铁团队正加班加点,为列车做最后的优化设计。

“新能源空铁全国第一条商业化线路长约10公里,希望今年能在川落地。”团队负责人、中国科学院院士翟婉明说。

科研人员滚烫的成果转化热情,源于西南交大的一项改革——职务科技成果权属混合所有制改革。

这项改革,堪比科技领域的“小岗村试验”。

改革,始于几年前的一个发问。

“辛辛苦苦搞转化,一旦成功了,我和团队能拿多少?”发问的,是西南交大一位教授;被问的,是刚接任西南交大国家大学科技园副总经理的康凯宁。

康凯宁发现,按规定,职务科技成果归学校所有,发明人只能获得奖励,并没有所有权。学校每年都有不少科技成果诞生,却基本躺在论文纸上“睡大觉”。2010年到2012年3年间,西南交大只有7项专利得到转化。

这并非西南交大一家的问题。教育部科技发展中心统计资料显示:2013年全国高校拨入科技经费1170亿元,专利许可及转让收入仅4.34亿元,扣除委托研发经费390亿元,科技成果转化率不到百分之一。

发明人拿不走收益,高校完不成科技成果转化,政府得不到科技型企业。这样的“三输”局面怎么破?

破局,始于一份协议。

2010年7月,西南交大一位教授和科技园签署协议,将其主研的某项职务科技成果所有权,在教授、高校之间“分了”,用所有权来激励发明人加快科技成果转化。

改革迅速见效。

第一个签约的教授历经3年研发,最终将成果变成产品,如今年销售额逾4000万元。去年1月,西南交大正式印发文件,明确学校与发明人(或团队)按30%、70%比例共享成果所有权。此后一年内,学校对157项职务科技成果进行确权分割,在此基础上成立了8家科技型公司。

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