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专访诺兰:关于《敦刻尔克》你想要知道的东西
2017-09-07 07:05:39 中国青年网
我们先来找一下历史。二战爆发初期,德军疯狂进攻,战无不胜,短短十几天时间,40万英法联军就被围困在了法国北部一个叫敦刻尔克的小港口上。在敌军封锁包围的过程中,英法联军的生存范围急剧减少,而对围困中的英国士兵来说,隔海不远处就能看到故乡英国。电影中有个陆军军官感慨,“站在这里,我就能看到家”。敌人和家园都在咫尺之间,这种绝望和希望重叠的状态本身就非常值得玩味。
这段故事到底要怎么拍?在看到诺兰版本前,相信很多人会纠结于敌我双方的争斗,而当时英国本土的领导权更迭就已经足够精彩。英军之所以节节败退,和当时英国首相张伯伦的消极抵抗政策有着非常大的关系,在被德军围困之前,丘吉尔也终于上台,这时候国内还非常混乱。当时来看,大撤退的确不是一件光荣的事情,很多士兵也觉得很羞耻,这是片中一条的很明显的情感线。但是丘吉尔说了,撤退时为了争取未来的成功,事实证明,敦刻尔克大撤退的成功为后来二战胜利继续了充足的力量。
而诺兰,作为英国人,从小就了解这个故事。当时英国的民船如何不顾危险,到海对面把士兵拉回家。几年前,当诺兰和妻子艾玛一块渡过这段看似短暂的海峡时,才发觉当年这段旅程会是多么艰难。设想了七十年前的场景,他愈发觉得这个故事值得被大家了解。
不过,按照他的设想,《敦刻尔克》只是想把参与这场历史撤退的方方面面以最为主观的方式展示出来。我们看到的是一个一个士兵,没有太多的大场面或爆炸戏份,甚至严格来说,用“史诗”去形容这个电影都是不准确的。《敦刻尔克》的关注点在人,所以,认为电影在宣扬个人英雄主义绝对是大错特错,因为它没有、甚至去避免了走入常规战争片的“立场”的辩论,它要做的就是如何把那场大撤退,尤其是在一线的士兵们的体验复刻到观众的脑海里。
非要说“英雄”的话,全片最接近“英雄”的估计就是汤老师扮演的飞行员了。是他在空中狙击敌机,充当着守护者的角色。但是,这个英雄又是非常落地的,不是那种主角光环附体从头打到尾的超人,他有分心的一刻,油箱会没油。但是当一切落地,完成自己的使命后,他又毅然烧掉了的战斗机(可能是避免它落在敌军手中?),在火光映照下被德军俘虏。这无疑是电影最为悲壮的一刻。很多人想到敦刻尔克,都是40万大军成功撤退,但是中间又有多少人没能活着走出去,他们走出去也是以有些人的牺牲为代价,汤老师的角色或许是诺兰对他们的一种致敬和对今人的一种提醒吧。
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