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《敦刻尔克》究竟有多好?

2017-09-05 19:01:53   中国青年网

■王金跃

战争电影拍到现在,已经涌现出了无数的优秀作品。从《中途岛战役》、《山本五十六》等早期作品,到《细细的红线》、《拯救大兵瑞恩》、《血战钢锯岭》、《父辈的旗帜》……可以说,要想把战争电影拍出新意,并不是一件很容易的事情。

诺兰的新作《敦刻尔克》恰恰做到了。这一点,非常了不起。

关于“敦刻尔克”的历史事实,虽然有争议,但基本事实是明确的,就是40万英法联军被德军围困在敦刻尔克的沙滩上,事实上成了瓮中之鳖。所谓的敦刻尔克大撤退,其实就是一个大逃亡,从情绪上说,这是一次慌不择路的逃命过程,无关任何辉煌和荣耀。但站在历史的角度,这次大逃亡的意义却是重大的,因为30多万军人撤回英国国土,给反法西斯战争保存了宝贵的军人,为最后赢得反法西斯战争的胜利奠定了基础。

很佩服诺兰的一点是,他找到了一个很好的切入口,就是抛弃以往战争电影的套路,将《敦刻尔克》拍成一个惊悚悬疑片,一部跟逃生相关的电影,在此基础上,再加入人性的底色,让这个乏味的题材中透出历史的韵味。

时空叙述方面的探索一直是诺兰的强项,《敦刻尔克》也一样,影片中陆海空三条线索交叉剪辑,最终“陆、空”线索中的人物被海上赶来营救的渔船营救,三条线索实现了汇聚,这种设计非常有创意。陆地上几个小兵慌不择路的要逃回英国,这是军人层面对于战争的恐惧和厌恶,当然还有兵败后面对家乡父老的内疚;海面上几百艘赶来营救的渔船却是国内普通民众对于子弟兵的救援和鱼水之情,反映的是普通民众的态度;而空中的三架战斗机,更像是一个精神层面的英雄图腾,起到了宣传和激励的作用。艺术即形式!从这一点说,《敦刻尔克》绝对是一部非常有形式感的战争电影。

本片的音乐绝对值得一提,汉斯·季默和诺兰一起,几乎让整部影片都用上了音乐,每当紧张时刻,钟表秒针的滴答声就由弱到强地响起,一种与时间赛跑的紧张感油然而生。最为赞赏的是,本片没有回避战争的残酷性。片中有一个细节,一架敌机从空中投弹,片中男主角趴在沙滩上,炮弹从远到近依次炸开,炸到男主角这里才停止,男主角侥幸逃生。类似这样的场面,全片都是,这种任人宰割的残酷性,真实地反映了战场上的实情。

在此基础上,诺兰在《敦刻尔克》中也加入了大量的商业元素。比如,飞机迫降海上的飞行员,打不开驾驶舱,海水即将淹没驾驶舱,最后一刻,一把铁锹将驾驶舱敲碎,飞行员得救了!再比如,男主角最后被渔船拯救的方式也非常特殊,他是在海里被船上的人用手攥着拖离燃烧着的海面。这些细节的处理都非常电影化,反映了诺兰对于电影拍摄技巧和制造电影悬念的娴熟能力。

有外媒对于《敦刻尔克》给予了无上高的评价,在这点上,我是持保留态度的。原因很简单,优秀的战争电影实在太多了。《敦刻尔克》在技巧上足够精致,在手法上很娴熟,在对待战争的态度上也非常到位。但对于我来说,影片对于我的震撼并没有超过《细细的红线》、《拯救大兵瑞恩》和《血战钢锯岭》等这些影片。究竟原因,三条线索交叉虽然在技巧上很出彩,但相比普通电影中的单个主人公而言,前者的故事被弱化,人物角色内心的层次感也挖掘不足。这是群像戏的弱点。

但不管如何,《敦刻尔克》的价值在于,它从一个独特的角度来解读“敦刻尔克大撤退”事件,用高超的技巧来讲述这个故事,归根结底,这是一个几十万士兵被渔船营救回家并被温暖接纳的故事。 J166

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