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中国造船业何以惊叹世界:新接订单稳居第一

2017-08-29 12:00:26   

事实上,在快速发展的过程中,中国造船业正逐步从低附加值市场转向大型邮轮、LNG船和大型集装箱船等高附加值造船市场。中国船舶工业行业协会此前发布的《2017年上半年船舶工业经济运行分析》指出,上半年,中国骨干船舶企业建造的全球最先进6000吨抛石船、全球首制2.5万吨LNG高压双燃料杂货船、全球最大3.8万立方米乙烯运输船、全球最大2.1万吨水泥运输船、全球最大1.9万吨客箱船、圆筒型浮式生产储卸油平台(FPSO)、半潜式海洋牧场、饱和潜水支持船等一批高端船型和海洋工程装备成功交付船东。2万箱集装箱船顺利出坞,8.5万立方米超大型乙烷乙烯运输船开工建造,全球最大非官方医院船等项目有序推进。

“当前中企建造的高附加值船舶越来越多,这符合市场需求的变化,特别是随着国际市场对船舶环保、技术等方面要求的提升,高附加值船舶正成为重要的竞争领域。”胡文龙表示,而随着中国船企加快布局这一市场,积极推动技术水平的改进与提升,并加强国际合作、引入全球创新资源,中国造船业在高附加值船舶市场的竞争力持续提升。

与此同时,在政策上,国家也大力支持造船业加快转型升级。今年1月,工信部等六部门联合印发了《船舶工业深化结构调整加快转型升级行动计划(2016-2020年)》(下称《行动计划》)。专家指出,该计划有3点特别值得留意:一是强调船舶工业配套,加强配套保障以提升中国船舶工业的整体效率。目前中国已经开始建造国产豪华游轮,这种船更需要强大的配套能力;二是打造中国品牌,这是中国制造进入新阶段的必然要求;三是提出金融和保险支持,鼓励金融机构和保险机构支持船舶工业。

未来前景依然光明

“从全球范围来看,中国已是当之无愧的造船大国,而且随着创新能力的增强、结构体系的改善、市场竞争力的提升以及国内需求的加快释放,中国正在加快转向造船强国。”胡文龙说,尽管目前受国际市场持续低迷的影响,中国造船业面临着订单难接、利润下降、外部风险等问题,但就整体形势而言,中国造船业仍将能保持优势,未来前景依然光明。

国外市场研究机构Research and Markets今年6月份发布的《中国造船业研究报告:2017-2021》就预计,未来几年中国造船业将有很大的发展空间。其中,在国际市场上,中国船企拥有比日韩更低的成本优势;与此同时,国内市场的需求也在不断增加。

中国造船业面临的外部环境有所改善。国际造船业权威咨询机构克拉克松近日表示,自从金融危机爆发后,全球造船业历经约10年产能过剩与贸易活动锐减的打击,如今该行业终于开始出现“根本性的转变”,换句话说,造船业目前正在复苏当中。

中国船舶工业行业协会预测,2017年,全球经济增速有所回升,海运贸易需求略有增长。部分细分船型市场开始出现复苏,成品油船、中小型化学品船、支线集装箱船、液化气船以及特种船舶市场需求空间较大。预计2017年,中国造船完工量约4000万载重吨,新承接船舶订单量有望比上年增长。

面对着总体向好的前景,未来几年,中国造船业到底能够实现怎样的发展?

《行动计划》给出了明确目标:到2020年,力争步入世界造船强国和海洋工程装备制造先进国家行列。力争造船产量占全球市场份额在“十二五”基础上提高5个百分点,海洋工程装备与高技术船舶国际市场份额达到35%和40%左右;产业集中度大幅提升,前10家造船企业造船完工量占全国总量的70%以上;科技创新能力进入世界造船先进行列。

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