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监管加码 银行“忍痛”削弱同业业务

2017-08-29 09:17:46   中国经济网

去杠杆下同业利差利润变薄

“受稳中偏宽的货币政策影响,2015年,债券延续牛市,银行通过同业负债(主要是发行同业CD等)或发行表外理财募集表内外资金,并通过杠杆、错配的方式投资债券,赚取利差。”国泰君安首席银行业分析师王剑在研报中指出。

“很难说同业业务一定是‘资金空转’。”一位金融资深人士对长江商报记者表示,“以中小银行为例,从大中型银行拆借来的资金,最终还是往外放贷,赚取中间的利差,同时满足监管部门对银行各项资产、信贷指标等的考核。”

虽然风险系数目前暂不明朗,不过监管趋势越发明显。二季度以来,银监会连续出台8个监管文件,同业业务是重点整治对象之一。

长江商报记者查询发现,在上市银行披露的同业负债中,同业存放的规模占比远远超出拆入资金和卖出回购金融资产款项。

“目前尚还未有新的办法弥补同业业务下降带来的利润的减小,不过表内业务较难,应该不会作为重点发力的对象。还是会从表外业务等着力。”上述上市银行人士称。

多银行仍面临“1/3红线”压力,个人业务或是蓝海

根据“同业负债占比不超过1/3”要求,以目前的银行同业负债情况来看,同业业务占比过高的现状依然存在。

中泰证券戴志峰研究团队研报指出,同业存单成为中小银行加杠杆的“利器”,中小银行同业存单的获利模式:借通道投向非标+同业空转套利+流动性管理,同业存单的主要资金来源方由大型银行变为广义基金(社会的资金)。对于监管层而言,这则是系统性风险的不断累积;目前银行运行机制下,监管部门对同业存单的数量控制会持续;风险与收益的不对称,会迫使监管部门政策趋严。

该研报统计称,按只计入 17 年发行的同业存单占比总负债,则有浦发银行、民生银行、宁波银行、上海银行不达标。

长江商报记者根据2016年末同业负债/总负债的数据梳理发现,25家上市银行中,有一家银行同业负债占比高达35.22%,另有8家上市银行同业负债占比超过20%,这9家银行主要为中小型股份制商业银行入民生银行、兴业银行,以及城商行如上海银行、江苏银行等。

“中小银行受影响应该是‘首当其冲’,其竞争力本身较弱,对同业业务的‘依赖性’也较大,在资金来源受影响之后,其信贷业务也会受到影响。”冀志斌对长江商报记者指出。

他建议,目前个人业务口线如消费信贷、信用卡等业务是政策鼓励的方向,且坏账压力也较小,市场开发的程度还未达到非常成熟的阶段,中小银行可择机进入,转移资金和利差压力等。

长江商报记者查询发现,多家银行年报显示,在同业业务发展规模受到进一步限制的情况下,公司通过积极调整业务结构,努力应对市场与监管政策的变化。如招商银行、中信银行等多家股份制商业银行,已将零售业务作为转型突破口。

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