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同业存单集中到期 对流动性冲击有限

2017-08-25 09:16:59   中国经济网

央行货币政策态度转向自去年下半年以来已经较为清晰了,这也与回购拆借利率振荡上行较为一致。在资金整体紧平衡的背景下,任何外部冲击对流动性的影响都可能被放大,时点性的资金紧张成为常态,市场对于流动性的担忧也是常态。但是市场对这次同业存单集中到期的冲击仍存在过度担忧,因为央行的货币政策平抑资金波动的倾向明显,预计9月市场流动性稳定。

根据到期分布特征,银行系统发行的同业存单9月会集中到期,总规模约2.25万亿元,占到存量同业存单余额的比例超过20%。监管机构已经明确了严监管驱动金融去杠杆的政策,而以同业存单为代表的同业负债模式又是银行体系加杠杆的典型工具,因此同业存单规模被压缩的概率很大。在此背景下,9月巨量同业存单到期后很可能无法完全续上,就会产生至少数千亿的资金缺口,再加上9月是传统季末,要面临MPA等各项监管考核,银行体系的流动性压力偏大。如果银行体系流动性枯竭,那么整个金融市场体系的流动性也堪忧,所以市场普遍担忧这次的流动性冲击。

实际上央行货币政策目前着重于平抑资金波动,而不是一味收缩流动性。回顾6月初,同业存单供需缺口“发威”,同业存单收益率曾破5%。但央行通过6月6日提前、超量续作MLF,投放4980亿元带来了市场流动性预期的改善。尽管当月MLF净投放仅667亿元,但6月上旬央行MLF净投放量高达到2737亿元,而且央行在6月16日还通过2500亿元净投放逆回购对冲了当日到期的2070亿元MLF。预计此次央行很可能采取同样策略,事实上,由于近期银行间流动性偏紧,央行8月已经超量续作MLF,净放量创下最近5个月的最高值。

特别国债到期的政策安排也是佐证。财政部于8月22日发布《关于2017年特别国债(一期和二期)发行工作有关事宜的通知》,明确6000亿元定向特别国债即将于8月29日到期。为了不对银行的资金头寸、资产负债及正常经营产生影响,在发行当天,人民银行就可能通过公开市场操作从该行全部买入此次续作的6000亿元特别国债,抵消掉到期的特别国债后,央行资产负债表也未发生变化。近期资金面整体偏紧,财政部和央行正是考虑到了这一点,采取了对市场冲击最小的方式续作特别国债。

监管层面表态金融去杠杆取得明显成效,资金脱虚向实顺利推进,那么央行进一步收缩流动性必要性下降。今年5月以来,整体市场的融资利率波动率已经趋于下降,说明资金面的平稳程度在提高,流动性抵御冲击的能力提高。因此,尽管9月有巨量同业存单集中到期,流动性状况也会平稳度过。

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