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新科技革命会引发什么样的产业变革
2017-08-25 09:31:52 中国青年网
其次,新一轮产业变革的重要推动力不仅仅来自前沿高技术的突破,更多的是来自人类日益增长的精神文明需求与开拓高级绿色工业文明的需要。诸如新能源、信息技术、生命科学等前沿科技领域正处于大规模突破爆发的酝酿期,必然引发相应领域的产业变革。同时,21世纪科技发展迅猛,随着人类物质生活的极大丰富,精神文明的需求愈发成为引领产业变革的重要动力。产业变革更多表现为人类深入认识自然环境,适应自然以永续发展的迫切需要。与历次工业革命不同的是,新一轮产业变革更加注重生态绿色的发展方向,改变了以往单纯追求经济发展的生产方式,向着与自然生态系统和谐的可持续发展的绿色工业转变,新一轮产业变革能够解决以往产业变革所不能解决的问题,诸如环境恶化、资源枯竭、人口增长等现实问题。新一轮产业变革的动力从某种程度上正是人们对迫切需求改变这一现状的需要而产生的,产业变革的直接动力表现地更加迫切与明显,这种需求与动力甚至引领相关技术领域发生变革。例如,21世纪发展潜力巨大的生命科学将是解决生态系统恶化,开拓绿色产业文明的直接手段,基于目前迫切的现实需求,生物工程技术会重点在农业、医药卫生等领域展开推进,引发技术变革。因此,21世纪新科技革命与产业变革表现为更加复杂的互动关系,而不仅仅是直接的线性推进关系。在此情况下,应注重战略性新兴产业的发展,并加强科技政策与产业政策的协调互动,共同推动国家的科技进步。
注重战略性新兴产业的发展,兼顾传统产业
传统产业是指传统技术的比例占55%以上,并以传统产品为主的产业。而战略性新兴产业是指具有先导性与战略性,同时会带动国民经济和社会长远发展,未来成长潜力巨大的产业。长久以来,国民经济体系以传统产业为主导。但随着新一轮科技革命与产业变革的逐渐兴起、发达国家的再工业化与重振制造业的崛起,传统产业面临着升级的巨大压力,而战略性新兴产业正是在新的形势下形成的。
首先,战略性新兴产业与传统产业应有明显的区分,自身应有明确的发展规划与路线。 传统产业与战略性新兴产业的最大不同在于:前沿科技之间、前沿科技与产业之间的跨界融合是催生战略性新兴产业的重要动力,战略性新兴产业伴随着技术创新而产生,历史上的科技革命也表明了新的科技对于新兴产业的形成具有直接的推动作用。21世纪,各种前沿性高技术兴起,创新驱动成为推进新一轮产业变革的重点。因此,战略性新兴产业的发展重点应以前沿技术的突破创新为基点,重点关注核心技术的突破。同时,战略性新兴产业在遵循自身发展时也应当注意与传统产业的结合,传统产业是根本,战略性新兴产业是先导。战略性新兴产业可以基于传统产业而发展,传统产业的结构优化升级可以激发培育战略性新兴产业。但战略性新兴产业的发展应有明确的导向性与目标,把科技创新发展带来的成果惠及人民,实现综合国力的提升与社会经济的全面提高。
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