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新科技革命会引发什么样的产业变革

2017-08-25 09:31:52   中国青年网

其次,在战略性知识产业的选择上,应当结合本国的科技发展现实情况来进行。首先需要考虑基础科学的优势研究领域;其次需要考虑能够提升国际产业竞争、满足自身发展需要的科技领域;最后需要考虑科技成果产业化等现实条件,前沿技术合理地实现产业化形成的创新驱动力可以引发辐射效应优化产业结构,推动战略性产业集群的发展。可以通过智能化数字再造、核心技术裂变、两化融合等多种方式实现战略性新兴产业的发展,兼顾传统产业与战略性新兴产业的关系,加强两大产业群的契合度,形成耦合溢出效应。

注重科技政策与产业政策的协调互动,共同支撑国家的科技发展战略

科技政策由国家政府制定设立,旨在协调整合国家发展与科技进步的有机关系,是国家政策重要的组成部分。产业政策主要关注产业的发展形成等方面。可以看出,科技政策的作用范围更为宏观,产业政策从具体的领域出发推动社会与经济的发展。相比科技政策,产业政策的作用对象和范围更加具体,可以直接深入影响产业结构、产业组织以及社会经济的运行结构。

首先,科技政策应为产业政策服务。科技政策作为科技活动的手段与工具,同时具有经济与社会双方面的属性与目标。科技政策的合理制定与实施,对促进前沿技术进步、提升产业核心技术水平等具有重大的作用与意义。当今的科技政策不仅关注国家的科技发展,同时考虑国际竞争、经济增长、产业发展等综合因素,并且随着当今世界经济全球化、科技合作的日益加深而逐渐发展为多元化的政策,以此来更好地统筹协调国家或区域的科技与产业发展,促进经济增长。

其次,科技政策的实施发展需要产业政策的指引。当下企业愈发成为科技创新的产业主体,一方面需要提升科技实力、提高自身的服务及产品质量等综合实力。因为多方面的需求使得企业需要多方面的提升自己,企业会革新已有技术加大创新投入、改善现有生产及工艺流程,这些措施必定对科技政策的实施创新提供了更多机会。另一方面,对于一些旧有的落后产业,相关产业政策会针对其情况进行产业改造与重组,通过改善提升产业结构等措施,促进科技创新,以此来引导新的科技政策的制定与实施。

最后,在新一轮科技革命背景下,科技政策与产业政策应相互协调共同支持国家的发展战略,以此来抓住机遇实现综合国力的提升。对当今国家科技实力的提升与社会经济增长来说,科技政策与产业政策有着不可或缺的重要作用。科技政策要以产业发展为基础,以企业创新为主体,市场需求为导向,努力突破能提升经济发展的关键技术,产业政策要积极引导、协调科技政策的实施,在新一轮科技革命与产业变革中抓住机遇,实现综合国力的提升。

(作者分别为北京航空航天大学研究生;北京航空航天大学教授)

【参考文献】

①何传启:《第6次科技革命的主要方向》,《中国科学基金科学论坛》,2011年第5期。

②肖兴志:《中国战略性新兴产业发展研究》,北京:科学出版社,2011年。

③熊勇清:《战略性新兴产业与传统产业的良性互动发展——基于我国产业发展现状的分析与思考》,《科技进步与对策》,2011年第5期。

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