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探寻垃圾出路 呼唤绿色包装

2017-08-24 08:27:46   中国青年网

“陕西地区的顺丰快递总站在互助路,总部会回收印有顺丰logo的纸盒再调到各个小快递点,有的纸盒损坏严重就直接攒起来卖给废品收购站,也有人会直接拿出东西后把盒子给快递员,只不过这种现象少一些。总的来说回收再利用率比其他快递公司会高一点。”顺丰的快递员表示一天大概寄300件—400件快递,顺丰是空运时间短,因此许多人寄紧急文件或是小物品会选择使用顺丰快递。“但是我们的纸箱都是公司直运的,为了减少成本,没有使用绿色环保材料。”而使用高端绿色材料进行包装,会将成本上升一到两倍,所以一般商家都不会选择这条昂贵的包装渠道。

对于快递公司来说,回收二手纸箱利润很薄,通常也不会花人力和物力去回收。一家快递公司的快递员透露,他们不会在回收环节上浪费时间,“如纸箱上留有运单信息,有些客户考虑到隐私,也不会交给我们回收。而公司仓储空间有限,堆放废旧纸箱要占用很大场地,无法较好地储藏。”由于缺乏专门的回收管理途径,快递袋、胶带纸,填充泡沫等塑料制品都会被丢弃变成垃圾,快递纸箱也是如此下场。

陕西环保集团专家杨淑堂告诉记者:“编织袋、塑料袋、胶带和缓冲物缺乏必要的回收机制,可考虑仓配物流一体化,由于仓配一体中的包装环节是由快递公司操作,所以其可根据自己的运输情况对快件进行合理包装,避免过度包装。”

陕西快递协会呼吁:“快递行业应尽可能做到快递包装材料无公害化,尽量使用可回收、容易降解的包装材料。”

3 技术政策待跟上

“快递包装废弃物已占到城市固体废弃物相当大的比例,对于快递过度包装,应从源头上减少使用,而相关部门也应牵头制定针对快递包装垃圾细化的、可操作的法规或条例,明确相关职能部门的权责以进行统一监管,同时鼓励快递企业回收包装。”对于如何才能更有效控制快递包装废弃物的产生,陕西快递协会专家告诉记者。

对于包装垃圾,发达国家早已建立了相关法律法规。以德国为例,德国1991年、1997年先后出台《包装废弃物管理办法》和《包装回收再生利用法》,要求除包装生产商外,从事运输、代理、批发、零售的企业需负责回收包装物。法规要求,凡包装体积明显超过商品本身10%以及包装费用明显超出商品30%行为,应判定为侵害消费者权益的“商业欺诈”。此外,德国还设立了对传统塑料袋征收每千克1.27欧元的绿点税,而完全生物降解的塑料袋免税。

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