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塞罕坝,生态保护的绿色启示

2017-08-23 08:47:17   中国青年网

张西流

55年,三代人,能做什么?每个人都会有自己的答案。而在这千百种可能之中,有这么一批人,用一棵棵树丈量光阴,为祖国大地添加一抹又一抹绿。他们,就是塞罕坝人。他们的故事,从1962年正式开始。1962年,来自全国18个省区市、平均年龄不到24岁的369人豪迈上坝。他们肩负的使命,是将“飞鸟无栖树,黄沙遮天日”的塞罕坝,变成茫茫林海。(8月6日《北京日报》)

从北京驱车向北400多公里,就到了河北塞罕坝,塞罕坝成为近年来北京人消暑旅游的热门去处。由于特殊的地理环境,从上世纪60年代起,这里大力植树造林,为首都的防风固沙起到了重要的作用。特别是作为一道可靠的生态安全屏障,塞罕坝在55年间、历经三代人的辛勤耕耘,完成了从树木稀疏、人迹罕至的荒原,到百万亩林海产业链的华丽转身。如今,塞罕坝的百万亩林海,可谓是守护首都的最后一道绿色防线。面对“风景独好”的塞罕坝林场,全国其他频发雾霾和沙尘天气的地区,是否应当有所醒悟呢?

我国是世界上受沙漠化影响最严重的国家之一。全国沙漠、戈壁和沙漠化土地约为165.3万平方公里,其中人类活动导致的现代沙漠化土地约有37万平方公里,沙漠化是我国目前面临的一个严重的社会经济与环境问题。虽然我国为治理土地沙漠化开展了大量工作,但是沙漠化的态势,仍然是治理速度赶不上恶化速度,土地沙漠化和荒漠化形势依然十分严峻。

过去,我国荒漠化治理存在很大的误区:重建设、轻保护,信奉人定胜天,忽视了自然界的自我修复能力。例如,1958年,政府曾组织群众到冰川撒草木灰,搞“融冰化雪”,致使祁连山冰川提前融化,“冰川水库”面积迅速缩减;又如,上世纪90年代在祁连山山区搞“冷粮高产”试验,使石羊河出山水量大大减少;再如,在不断增长的人口压力下,人类不断向未开发的脆弱生态系统迁移和引入不适宜的耕作制度,滥垦、过度放牧和滥樵等。

因此,我们当从大肆掠夺林业、水资源,破坏生态环境的错误行为中汲取教训。同时,治理沙漠化要从长计议,大力实施“退耕还林还草”政策,革新耕作制度,实施农机具改革。特别是应严格保护和合理利用天然牧场,因地制宜建立不同比例的人工草地,对退化草地和防护林要进行综合治理,建立和巩固以林草植被为主体的国土生态安全体系,建设绿色健康家园,谱写生态文明新的篇章。

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