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自由是“空心病”的最佳疗法

2017-08-23 05:41:59   中国青年网

后来,某种机缘让他变成了“疯狂的苏格兰乡村教师”,1921年,尼尔创办“夏山学校”,算是找到了自己的人生使命。而在漫长的人生终点,尼尔则说自己会平静地宣告:“我觉得自己做了一件了不起的事,一件好事,我帮助许多孩子走上自由幸福之路。”

今天,关注教育的人都知道,“夏山”的价值绝不仅仅在于让那些对学校教育感到厌倦憎恨的孩子真正爱上了学习,创造了自己美好的人生,更在于它所进行的教育实验,正在激发越来越多的人思考:教育到底是什么?教育到底为什么而存在?

尼尔和夏山学校,给予了学生最大程度的信赖。这种信赖为的是移除学生的恐惧,让他们不再忙着逃避,而是获得内在的自由。在尼尔看来,“自由堪称最好的治疗”,它可以帮助学生投身在生活中,从而发现自己是谁、自己想成为什么样的人,并在主动的学习中不断发展自己,最后成为自然、友善,心中充满爱、负责任的人。

现代学校制度形成后,已经变成了一个巨大的控制体系。在这个体系中,人们很少再对教育的本质进行思考。人们想当然地认为选择了重点学校就可以为孩子的一生打好基础,却不明白,一切作用力并非都有利。

过度教育也会给孩子造成终身伤害:当孩子完全没有自主的时间和空间来玩耍、发呆、尝新、试错时,当家庭、学校和社会都没有他们表达和参与的渠道时,本该越来越强大的自我意识,只会变得模糊孱弱。在被动生长中,孩子们无法享受探索与创造的乐趣,从而增强好奇心和求知欲,反而让厌倦不满吸走了心灵的活力,“空心病” 怎能不随之而来?

所以,感谢尼尔,你让人们知道,学校并非只有一种模式,教育不该是扼杀青少年生活的杀手,不该是对孩子们忍受无聊能力的训练,而能够真正激发孩子学习和生活热情的教育才是好的教育。

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