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中国国家创新指数排名提升至第17位

2017-08-18 14:57:26   央广网

具体来看,国家创新能力第一集团的国家包括:美洲1席,为美国;亚洲4席,为日本、韩国、新加坡和以色列;欧洲占据10席,为瑞士、丹麦、瑞典、德国、荷兰、英国、芬兰、法国、奥地利和挪威。美国凭借其雄厚的创新资源和显著的创新绩效,在国家创新指数排名中继续占据首位。亚洲国家中,日本和韩国依托其突出的企业创新表现和知识创造能力,分居第2和第4位。新加坡排名第9位,比上年上升1位。欧洲地区仍然是全球创新能力最强的区域之一,瑞士企业创新排名提升1位,综合指数排名仍保持在第3位;北欧国家丹麦、瑞典继续保持创新强势,分列第5和第6位;此外,荷兰排名上升1位,排在第8位;德国、英国分别位列第7和第10位,分别比上年下降了1位和2位。

三、新兴经济体创新排名整体靠后,金砖国家排名稳定

在参评的10个新兴经济体中,除中国外,其他国家创新指数排名都居于靠后位置(见表1)。与上年相比,10国中,只有中国的排名上升1位,俄罗斯排名下降1位,其它8个国家排名不变。

“金砖五国”除中国外,排名均在30名之后。俄罗斯列第33位,处于第三集团中的领先位置;南非、印度和巴西在40国中仍处于靠后的位置,分列第36、第38和第39位。

四、中国知识创造分指数快速提升,创新资源创新环境有待加强

在构成国家创新指数的5项一级指标中,中国的“知识创造”和“企业创新”排名分别比上年上升4位和1位,“创新资源”、“创新绩效”与“创新环境”三个分指数排名均比上年下降1位。

(1)“创新资源”排名第28位,比上年下降1个位次。中国研发经费投入占全球的15.6%(数据年份为2015年,下同),仍居美国之后排第2位,但与美国的差距进一步缩小;R&D人员总量已连续9年位居世界首位;R&D/GDP达到2.06%,排名比上年下降2位至第17位;研究与发展人力投入强度排名不变,位列第33位。

(2)“知识创造”排名第8位,比上年提升4个位次。中国SCI论文数量达到28.1万篇;国内发明专利申请量达到96.8万件,国内发明专利授权量达到26.3万件,均位居世界第1位。

(3)“企业创新”排名第11位,比上年提升1个位次。中国万名企业研究人员PCT专利申请量由上年的231件提高到253件,排名第27位;三方专利数占世界比重排名上升1位至第5位;综合技术自主率排名提升3个位次至第6位;企业研究与发展经费与增加值之比排名第16位。

(4)“创新绩效”排名第12位,比上年下降1个位次。中国有效发明专利数量达到92.2万件,排名第3位;知识密集型产业增加值占世界比重为12.3%,居世界第2位;高技术产业出口占制造业出口比重为25.8%,排名比上年下降3个位次至第6位;劳动生产率和单位能源消耗的经济产出与创新型国家还有较大差距,分别列第39位和第36位。

(5)“创新环境”排名第20位,下降1位。排名下滑的指标是“宏观经济环境”、“员工收入与效率挂钩程度”、“政府采购对技术创新影响”,分别排名第6位、第20位和第6位,均比上年下降2位。这表明,在经济增速下行的背景下,中国创新面临的市场环境受到一定程度的影响。但是相比较而言,中国政府对创新的支持力度仍位居世界前列。

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