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唯有创新,中国高铁方能持续领跑

2017-08-14 03:18:18   中国青年网

我国高铁规模、技术已经位居世界领先地位,成为中国“新四大发明”之一。取得的这些成就离不开以我为主的自主创新、因地制宜的应用创新和协调并进的系统创新。面对激烈的国际竞争,我国高铁要想保持住现有优势、获得更大发展,还是要靠创新。

近日,具有完全自主知识产权、达到世界先进水平的中国标准动车组“复兴号”通车运营,首次实现了动车组牵引、制动、网络控制系统的自主化,表明我国高铁动车组技术实现全面自主化。

这已不是我国高铁第一次引发世人关注。高铁被列入外国人最想带回国的中国“新四大发明”之一的时候,就已经体现出我国高铁取得的辉煌成就。这一系列成就的背后,创新是最根本的保障。

高铁的成功,离不开以我为主的自主创新。中国高铁最初走的是引进消化吸收的技术路线,但同时也清醒地认识到,仅靠市场换技术,换不来核心技术,必须要再创新,以我为主掌握主动。自上世纪90年代开始,我国就在高速铁路技术标准、线路走向方案、引入枢纽方案、轨道系统选择等方面进行了大量科研创新,为高速铁路建设储备了雄厚的技术基础。在高铁建设过程中,铁路工作者们又不断攻克技术难关,靠着点滴积累,逐步形成了自己的技术、标准、品牌。虽然起步晚,第一条真正意义上的高速铁路建成仅有9年,但我国高铁已经取得超越日本、法国等铁路强国半个世纪的成就。

高铁的成功,离不开因地制宜的应用创新。中国幅员广阔,地质复杂,高铁建设面临着气候、地质、地形条件差异性大等难题,靠现有通用的技术,并不能完全满足需求。中国高铁依靠大型工程建设,在施工中进步,在实践中成长,先后完成了近百项科研课题,无论是冻土、软土、松软土、岩溶、黄土、断裂、滑坡带等各种地质条件,还是高原气候、风沙环境、高寒条件,均创新性地提出了解决方案。中国高铁对各种环境的高适应性,也为高铁“走出去”奠定了基础。

高铁的成功,离不开协调并进的系统创新。高铁是一项复杂的系统工程,包括轨道技术、通信系统、信号系统、列车制造、客站建设等多个方面,只在一个或几个方面取得成果并不能算真正的成功。我国充分发挥“集中力量办大事”的制度优势,打破门第之争、放弃个体利益,研发团队互相协作、齐头并进,实现了市场资源、科研资源利用效率最大化。我国高铁技术实现了全面开花,拥有了全产业链的设计、制造、运营能力,能够提供全程产品和服务,由此也大大增强了国际竞争力。

我国高铁规模、技术已经位居世界领先地位,但很多发达国家高铁建设起步早、积累多,随着重视程度的提高,其竞争力会很快提升。当前,日本、欧洲都在进行新的实验,研发速度更快更稳定的高铁,美国也提出建设时速高达1200公里/小时的“超回路胶囊列车”设想。

面对这样的竞争局面,我国高铁要想保持住现有优势、获得更大发展,还是要靠创新。首先,要有创新的理念,不能故步自封、满足于已取得的成绩,要时刻关注前沿技术,无砟轨道、磁悬浮乃至还在构想阶段的真空管道运输技术,都要予以充分关注。其次,要有创新的机制,鼓励创新、大胆容错,更要在成果转化上下功夫,形成持续创新的氛围。再次,要有创新的人才。要依靠平台优势吸引全社会乃至全世界的人才为我所用,同时加强对储备人才的培养,形成一支强大的科研队伍。

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