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北京地铁驶入“全自动”时代

2017-08-15 15:08:08   国际在线

一条地铁线引发行业革命

“核心技术都要实现自主化,不能再购买国外技术。”徐鼎说,燕房线全自动运行系统需要的通信、信号、屏蔽门等方方面面的技术都得靠中国人自己做出来。

有多难?徐鼎归纳,这项技术没有标准、没有经验、没有需求分析,但仍要解决列车无人驾驶能否运行安全、突发情况如何处理等诸多问题。

并不是徐鼎太过小心谦虚,是因为北京乃至全国对全自动技术还没有太多储备。在2010年前,我国甚至连CBTC自主信号都未掌握,但这项技术恰好是全自动系统的基础。当年,我国城市轨道交通的CBTC系统基本被阿尔斯通、西门子、泰雷兹三家国外厂商垄断。

研发自主CBTC已是破局之举。在国家科技部、市科委的支持下,由市轨道公司牵头,开始进行CBTC核心研发与应用,并建设亦庄线示范工程。漫长的研发期里,仅科委方面的项目支持就分了五期。2010年亦庄线的顺利开通,让中国成为继德国、法国、加拿大之后,第四个掌握CBTC核心技术并一次顺利开通的国家。

有了自主CBTC,全自动系统也紧接着迈入研发期。中车负责车辆,交控、通号院等企业负责信号,华为、中兴、54所负责综合承载……北京这条只有20公里长的地铁线,带起了各领域的自主攻关和行业革命。

市轨道公司相关负责人说,燕房线全自动运行的应用,突破了关键技术,研制了具有世界先进水平的关键装备,也打破国际上的技术垄断;同时,建立了一套适用于全自动运行的标准及规范体系,促进自主化全自动运行装备的发展,推动轨道交通高端装备的产业化。

全自动技术将出海争夺市场

正在进行调试、年底开通的燕房线将正式开启北京地铁的“全自动”时代。初期,燕房线虽然还将有人值守,但“全自动运行”的终极模式将实现无人驾驶。

与此同时,还有超200多公里的使用全自动驾驶的地铁线“在路上”。市轨道交通建设管理公司披露,燕房线之后,北京地铁3号线、12号线、17号线、19号线、新机场线均将推广使用全自动驾驶技术。预计到2020年前后,北京地铁就将初步形成一张全自动运行网络。

燕房线即将开通的消息传出后,也引来了我国诸多城市“进京学习”。未来,上海、广州、成都等地也计划建设全自动运行轨道交通线路,北京正在技术上引领全国。“此项技术的全国标准也正在由北京牵头制定。”徐鼎说。

国际公共交通协会(UITP)估计,到2020年国际上75%新线将采用全自动运行系统技术,40%的既有线改造时将采用这项技术。参与燕房线研发的众多企业,也将出击更广的市场。

更重要的是,北京带头研发的自主化全自动运行系统正准备走出国门投标,出征国际轨道交通市场,将具有我国自主知识产权的全自动技术在国外得到应用。(记者 曹政)

(原标题:北京地铁驶入“全自动”时代到2020年前后,将形成一张全自动轨道交通线网)

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