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量子技术已经突破了天空的限制

2017-08-10 05:32:34   中国青年网

首先,我希望借此机会表达我们对于本周出版的两篇《自然》论文的激动之情。

本周《自然》在线刊发的两篇论文,意味着潘建伟教授和他的研究团队顺利完成了三项量子实验的展示,这些实验将会是全球任何基于空间的量子网络的核心组成部分。

这是十分令人激动的消息。就在几周前,该团队宣布他们使用量子实验通信卫星“墨子号”在地球上相隔甚远的两地之间分发了一对处于纠缠态的光子。

正是这种无论距离多远,都能在相互纠缠的光子之间保持量子力学的微妙联系的能力赋予了量子通信网络特殊的属性。

其中两条重要的属性就在这两篇论文中完美地呈现了:在第一篇论文中研究团队用相互纠缠的光子安全地传送了至关重要的量子密钥,而量子密钥是保障通信极高保密性的关键。在没有密钥的情况下是无法读到这些通信的,如果有他人窃听你的密钥,量子力学的原理保证你一定会知道,从而让通信的安全性更上层楼。在第二篇论文中,研究团队展示了如何用处于纠缠态的光子来实现量子力学中最著名却神秘莫测的方面——量子隐形传态。研究团队通过量子隐形传态,远距离地将从一个位于地球或太空的物体的量子态信息传送给另一个在地球或太空的物体,而物体本身却不需要移动。

以前人们会说量子技术的极限在天边,但现在看这样的说法其实有些保守了——最近发表的这些论文说明,量子技术已经突破了天空的限制。这同时也是中国在物理科学方面投资及努力的证明,正因为有了这些投资与努力,该研究团队才能够将应用型量子通信技术方面的研究提升到如此的天文高度。

(作者:卡尔·齐姆勒斯,系《自然》杂志的物理科学主编,李飘编译,题目为编辑所加)

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