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北斗首发星逾七成是新技术

2017-08-15 09:00:17   中国青年网

■本报记者 黄海华

今年是我国北斗三号全球导航卫星建设的关键年,这些天,负责卫星研制的上海微小卫星工程中心进入紧张的“备战”阶段。这支团队尽管年轻,平均年龄仅31岁,却与暗物质卫星、量子卫星、天宫二号伴随卫星以及二氧化碳监测卫星等一个个航天领域的响亮名字紧紧地联系在一起。

2014年8月,中科院着手研究所分类改革试点工作。去年12月,上海微小卫星工程中心在中科院率先行动首批研究所分类改革验收中唯一全票通过且排名第一。这次改革持续了26个月,期间发射了13颗卫星,占中心成立14年发射卫星总数的68%。

分类考核绩效,激励实实在在

“过去,几年才做一颗卫星。未来,要满足一年研发和批产30颗以上卫星的需求,内部的组织架构已不适应。”上海微小卫星工程中心主任于英杰说。过去如果接到研发卫星的重大任务,只能临时调配人手组成一支“机动部队”,往往感觉力量不足。现在设置了通信卫星、遥感卫星和科学卫星3个总体部,使得各类卫星都有了“归宿”,一改以往临时搭建“草台班子”的尴尬,就算遇到“攻坚战”,也能随时组成一支有战斗力的队伍。

“这次改革的一大亮点,就是分类绩效考核。”于英杰介绍,过去整个中心是一个考核体系,不同的岗位都是一个考核标准。现在按照任务的不同,以重大成果产出为导向,实行分层分类考评体系。跑项目的,关键看中了多少标拿了多少任务;做新技术的,则可以沉下心来做研究,以3年为一个考核周期。

为调动科技人员的积极性和创造性,中心施行末位淘汰。两年来,有的员工绩效成绩不高,或者选择离开,或者流动到其他更合适的岗位。这种并非走过场,而是“真刀真枪”的改革,在这支以年轻人为主的队伍中,成了实实在在的激励。

想别人不敢想,评委为设计吃惊

有了一个好的机制,最终激发的是创新力——想别人不敢想,做别人不曾做。

在竞标暗物质卫星时,上海微小卫星工程中心让评委们都大吃一惊——设计团队提出的是以载荷为中心的设计理念。要知道,多年来,我国卫星研发都是以平台为中心。打个比方,原来以“车”为中心,运载的“货物”要迁就“车”,如果“货物”尺寸太大,或分量太重,就只能改。因此,往往造成“车”比“货物”重得多,发射一次卫星实际搭载不了很多东西。

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