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【焦点·关注“双创”中的法律问题】竞业限制之绳如何松紧有度?

2017-08-12 10:17:28   中国青年网

员工:限制苛刻,跳了槽还能干啥

按照《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》第24条规定,竞业限制的范围、地域、期限由用人单位与劳动者约定,竞业限制的约定不得违反法律、法规的规定。然而,记者在采访中了解到,很多企业的限制条件过于苛刻,让辞职员工“跳槽即是离开行业”。

许昕最近一直在后悔做出辞职的决定。2017年3月,当时任职沈阳创诚科技开发有限公司技术部部长的他因与企业研发方观点不合,辞了职。公司拿出许昕入职时签订的《竞业限制协议》,要求他两年内不得在竞争对手企业工作,不得从事相关产品的设计、开发、生产、销售和提供专业服务等17项内容相关的岗位,协议中还列举了限制就职的东三省行业内48家企业名称。

“限制条件太苛刻,我的本事全是行业内的,签了协议,本事用不出去,跳槽后还能干什么呢?”许昕向记者吐槽说。此外,补偿金过少也是他难以认同的地方。

根据2012年12月通过的《最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律若干问题的解释(四)》第6条规定,未约定解除或者终止劳动合同后给予劳动者经济补偿,要求用人单位按照劳动者在劳动合同解除或者终止前12个月平均工资的30%按月支付经济补偿。

“协议里没规定补偿金额,公司按我每月工资的30%支付,每个月只给我1500元。两年的竞业限制期,只发给我3.6万元作为补偿,太少了。再说过了两年时间,我还能跟得上业内的发展步伐吗?”许昕说。今年6月,许昕把原单位告上了法庭。

沈阳顺承律师事务所律师秦枫代理了许昕的案子。他告诉记者,这几年他经手了17起竞业限制纠纷案件,“都是因为用人单位和跳槽员工因限制条件约定不明导致的劳资纠纷”。

为万无一失地确保竞争利益,公司不仅会与高层、核心人员签订竞业限制或保密协议,一些公司还会将普通员工也一并纳入签订范畴。记者在创诚公司的竞业限制协议中看到,协议条款中单独列出一条:本公司所有职工必须与公司共同签订保密协议,该协议由人事部门归档。

支招:合理合法限定条件

才是破解之道

王立存在给创业者做法律知识辅导时发现,许多创业者有保护企业商业秘密和核心技术的意识,但并不知道如何制定竞业限制协议。

“一些企业要么违规将限制范围扩大到普通员工,要么制定条件苛刻,影响行业内人才流动。”王立存表示,创业者应当熟悉相关法律规定,合理合法限定竞业限制范围,劳资纠纷自然就少了。

对于用人单位面对竞业限制执行难,辽宁青松律师事务所律师王金海提示,在法院判决跳槽员工支付违约金后,如果其继续在竞争对手处工作,则用人单位可以以跳槽者再次违反竞业限制约定为由,起诉并要求其再次支付违约金,迫使劳动者离开竞争公司,从而维护企业合法权益。

秦枫则提醒跳槽员工,按《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》第24条规定,竞业限制的人员限于用人单位的高级管理人员、高级技术人员和其他负有保密义务的人员,不包括普通职工。若公司以竞业限制为由限制员工正常跳槽,员工可以依法维权。

“此外,入职签订竞业限制协议时,一定要与用人单位约定好包括期限、限制范围、对象、竞争对手的定义、地域,补偿金、违约责任在内的全部要素。”秦枫说,“约定明晰了,才可能避免在辞职时引发纠纷。”

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