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物业纠纷如何解?法律厘清“权责利”

2017-08-10 05:33:45   中国青年网

【光明说法】

8月1日,位于江苏省南京市铁心桥街道的保障房小区——定坊嘉苑的1300户居民,迎来新的物业管理公司。经过严格的招投标程序,市场化运作的江苏万园物业正式进驻。这是南京市在保障房物管领域首次改革“破冰”。与普通商品房小区不同,保障房“易建难管”,物业管理一直是个“老大难”问题。此前,保障房物业管理基本上都是政府兜底,交付一个小区,就组建一个物业公司。几年下来,人越招越多,开支越来越大,物业费却一年比一年难收。

此前,北京二中院通报,近年来审理的物业服务合同纠纷案中,超九成系物业索要物业费,而业主提起诉讼大多是认为物业服务未尽职责。通报显示,自2012年至2016年,二中院审结的物业服务合同纠纷案件有千余起。此类案件中,因业主逾期不交物业费或违约金,物业公司索要物业费而引发的纠纷诉讼占全部案件的九成以上。还有一些诉讼中,业主主张开发商选聘物业服务企业程序违法,要求确认前期物业服务合同无效。

伴随着城市化率不断提高,与城市新建楼盘鳞次栉比相对应,物业纠纷“城市病”在大中城市日益凸显,其中因矛盾纠纷无法调和而诉至法院的案件数量更呈增长态势。尤其是随着人们法律意识的不断增强和物业服务市场竞争越发激烈,业主与物业公司间的纠纷也日益增多。但实践中,物业服务合同中对服务内容、标准、质量等加以明确的较少,即使有相应条款,也较为笼统,同样难以起到评估物业服务质量的作用。因为物业服务具有内容多样、对象众多等特性,物业服务质量标准较为复杂,某些无形服务很难有一个量化的标准。

应该看到,物业机构与小区业主之间存在着服务与被服务的关系:物业提供服务,业主则需支付相应费用。这是建立在公平公开基础上的一种法律关系。但现实中,这种关系时常因为服务的标准、内容、时长、频次等界定不清,而频频引发矛盾。因此,面对这类物业纠纷,最直接最有效的一个办法,就是用法律的方式厘清双方的“权责利”。

一方面,随着物业纠纷日益增多,地方政府管理部门和司法机关不能漠视,应当将建立和谐、规范、公开、透明的物业管理机制作为社会治理的重要方面,对其中难以承接监督管理职责的权力进行重新配置和调整,并加强物业管理的制度机制创新,更好地惠及民生。

另一方面,引入物业服务第三方评估监理机构,对物业服务质量进行评估,并作为法院裁判的依据。由于物业服务质量的评估具有较强的专业性,由专业的第三方开展评估和监理,能够较好地消除业主、开发商、物业服务企业之间信息不对称的矛盾,同时对于物业服务质量能够进行全程的监控,做出的评估报告才具有较强的客观公正性。

(作者:吴学安)

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