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告别“一刀切” 醉驾量刑回归司法理性

2017-05-26 08:07:01   

几年来的司法实践表明,人们不仅对酒驾醉驾的社会危害意识大幅提高,警方查处的酒驾醉驾案件数量也明显呈现出“断崖式”下降。在这种执法的震慑下,醉驾行为大幅减少,道路安全水平出现了很大提升,“喝酒不开车,开车不喝酒”也逐渐成为很多人的基本常识,这些都是“醉驾一律入刑”带来的积极变化。

如果此时“醉驾一律入刑”出现松动,不仅可能导致前功尽弃,也会让酒驾出现反弹。虽然对于一些情节显著轻微危害不大的醉驾行为,如果达不到刑法处罚的标准,还可以通过治安处罚来惩罚,可是这种治安处罚有多大的约束力,对醉驾者能起到多少警示和震慑作用?会不会导致其对醉驾不以为然,或心存侥幸,甚至重蹈覆辙?这些都是值得思考和担忧的问题。

而让支持方也心存疑虑的是,何为“情节显著轻微”、何为“危害不大”,以及什么情况下“不需要判处刑罚”,个中标准、尺度、界限不好把握,往往需要法官自由裁量。加上在新规的影响下,公安机关对醉驾可能不再一律立案,检察机关不再一律起诉,其中的自由裁量空间更大。如此一来,会不会出现选择性司法?会不会让有些情节并不轻微的醉驾逃过刑罚,有些情节确实轻微的醉驾反倒被判刑?

针对最高法院这一新规,四川省社科院司法研究所所长、刑法教授韩旭认为,从司法实践来说,最难的就是这个“情节轻微”和“显著轻微”的认定,一旦把握不好,可能就会在醉驾一律入刑上打开缺口,从而导致人情案的出现。

值得注意的是,相关争论中网民的态度则几乎是一边倒地主张“一刀切”入刑,这种情绪中包含了对醉驾的痛恨,也可能夹杂了对司法不公的疑虑。

有评论指出,司法人员理应坚持专业立场,但也不能忽视公众情绪。如何疏解社会疑虑,答案并不难找,一方面,需要及早制定清晰可见的客观标准,尽可能杜绝暗箱操作的空间;另一方面,从每一起司法个案开始,努力让公众看到司法的公正。

.................................................

纵 深:

醉驾不再一律入刑会后果很严重吗

刘仁文

根据犯罪情节决定是否入刑,这在刑罚理论和刑法制度上都没有任何问题。不过具体到醉驾,因为“醉驾一律入刑”已经实践了几年,而且确实取得了很好的现实效果,所以很多人担心如果法律松动,醉驾、酒驾行为会不会反弹。这样的担忧可以理解,不过对于“醉驾一律入刑”,还是需要更全面地看,不光看到过去的功绩,也要看到所带来的问题,这样才能更准确判断是否要继续“一刀切”。

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