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“中欧班列”:回归市场才能跑得欢行得远

2017-05-25 10:48:16   中国经济网

原标题:“中欧班列”:回归市场才能跑得欢行得远

近日,深圳首趟开行至明斯克的中欧班列正式发车,深圳成为全国首个连通“一带一路”的一线城市。至此,全国已有多个地市建立了与欧洲的直通联系,“中欧班列”的开行范围也已覆盖欧洲11个国家的29座城市。

“中欧班列”近两年的快速发展得益于“一带一路”建设,也为“一带一路”互联互通提供了重要支撑。然而,随着规模不断扩大,“中欧班列”回程无货源、成本高、只能靠政府补贴等问题开始显现,也引来了一些质疑。这些问题,都是“中欧班列”发展过程中遇到的阵痛,必须用市场化手段来解决,才能让中欧班列开行得更多,走得更远。

近两年,为了更好地对接“一带一路”,有些地区将建设“中欧班列”视为重要机遇。同时,拓展和畅通货物出境通道也能在一定程度上推动地方经济发展,于是各地开始加大对中欧班列的支持力度。目前,我国已开通的“中欧班列”线路大多主要依靠地方政府补贴来减低运费,从而吸引货源保证基本运营。但是,这种靠补贴运营的模式,违背了市场竞争规律,失去发展活力,无法长期维持。

作为“一带一路”建设的重点,“中欧班列”是一个正处于市场培育期的新兴行业,其发展确实离不开中央和地方政府的规划、支持和参与,政府发挥的作用相对突出属合理情况。但只有以企业为主体,让“中欧班列”回归市场,其发展才具有长远的前景。在“中欧班列”建设和运营过程中,政府应起规划与调控、引导与规范、监管和服务等作用,不能代替企业承担经营管理工作。

因此,随着“中欧班列”逐步走上正轨,需要建立和启动政府退出机制,让企业主体回归市场竞争前沿,从而培育一批具有真正竞争力的相关企业,这才是“中欧班列”长期稳定发展的基础。

另一方面,货运铁路也只有回归市场,才能实现突破,与航空、公路、海运形成更强的比较优势,吸引更多货源。比如,目前我国正在研发时速120公里联合运输列车、时速160公里快捷货运列车、时速250公里高速货运动车组,这些货运列车投入使用之后,与其他运输方式相比,铁路的性价比将更高,会具有更强的市场吸引力。

值得欣慰的是,随着“中欧班列”的逐渐成熟和市场化运作水平的不断提高,“中欧班列”的效率和效益也在不断提升。数据显示,2016年,我国共开行“中欧班列”1702列,同比增长109%,其中返程班列572列,同比增长116%。(本文来源:经济日报 作者:齐 慧)

(责编:贾兴鹏、杨曦)

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