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宅基地制度改革探索脱贫新路径——来自安徽省金寨县的调查报告

2017-09-06 06:20:40   中国经济网

当地的第二招,是堵疏结合、奖惩并举,建立农村宅基地节约利用和有偿使用制度。在农村,因历史原因,超标准占用宅基地或是一户多宅的现象很常见。在超标准占用宅基地的同时,却少有人居住,形成了一个个空心村。

为杜绝这种现象,金寨县对于超标准占用宅基地的确定了不同的有偿使用缴纳标准。改变以往按户确立宅基地为按户和人口综合确定,对超规定标准占用宅基地的,按阶梯累进办法收取有偿使用费。与此同时,对于节约集约利用宅基地的,也有相应的激励政策,规定低于宅基地面积标准(160平方米)的,每低于1平方米给予100元奖励;符合宅基地申请条件但自愿放弃的,按每户2万元的标准给予奖励。如此一来,两头发力,促进了土地的节约集约利用。

还有广受欢迎的一招,就是把水库移民、扶贫、房地产去库存等多项政策叠加起来,形成合力。金寨把宅基地改革、易地扶贫搬迁、水库移民解困、美丽乡村建设、农村危房改造等多项扶持政策捆绑在一起,引导“贫困户”“移民户”和居住在“土坯房、砖瓦房、砖木房”的农户自愿搬迁。郑汉涛解释说,县里有很多政策,每一项都是零星分散的,不够有吸引力。现今,我们把这些政策都和宅基地改革捆绑在一起,百姓算账后觉得划算,自然积极响应。

据调查,目前金寨县自愿腾退宅基地的农户中,有75%为贫困户或移民户,其余的也基本是房屋年久失修,或是远离中心村庄、交通不便的农户。当地测算显示,一个普通农户退出宅基地,大约可以获得8万元左右的房、地退出补偿,如果叠加贫困户、移民户等政策补助,最高可以获得20万元以上的补偿。

大胆创新引来资金“活水”

金寨通过省级平台成功交易4个批次、10857亩宅基地腾退节余建设用地指标,成交金额近50亿元,让宅基地有偿退出和基础设施有了资金保障

要做成这些事,最为棘手的是资金。虽然各类政策叠加,让百姓尝到了甜头,改革还需让百姓真正得到更多实惠。

金寨县是国家级贫困县,既是集中连片特困地区,也是开展易地搬迁扶贫的贫困老区,贫困人口多,迁出任务重,资金压力非常大。

为此,当地在政策创新上下足功夫。2016年10月,国土资源部专门出台政策,支持金寨通过宅基地制度改革探索脱贫攻坚新路径,允许宅基地腾退节余的建设用地指标先行在省域范围内调剂使用。刘林介绍说,金寨已经通过省级平台成功交易4个批次、10857亩宅基地腾退节余建设用地指标,成交金额近50亿元。

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