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宅基地制度改革探索脱贫新路径——来自安徽省金寨县的调查报告

2017-09-06 06:20:40   中国经济网

新房不远处是村民以前的老房子。大多数人都搬到了新家,只有少数村民还住着老房子。这些老房大多是土坯房,年久失修,其中还有个清末年间修建的老祠堂。“就这个老祠堂里,以前还住着好些人家。要是刮风下雨,大家都担惊受怕。现在好了,村里准备把它修缮一下,改造成乡村旅游景点。”花石乡乡长司玮说。

在老村里走访,我们偶遇贫困户张邦若。她的老伴前年患了肺癌,儿子多年前因意外去世,老两口的日子以前过得紧紧巴巴。现在,她家也正在盖新房。她满心欢喜地给我们算了这样一笔账:“我家是异地搬迁扶贫补助了4万元,宅基地腾退补助10万元,危房改造补助2万元,加起来一共16万元。那边盖新房只花了12万元,算下来,我们还能留下几万元。”

对口帮扶张邦若家的村扶贫工作组副组长余静告诉记者,张邦若老两口的新房将由旅游公司免费装修成民宿,能够得到一些分红。另外,他们还可以享受光伏入股分红,村里也帮助他们发展了4亩茶园,申请了小额扶贫贷款。

几经努力,到2016年底,金寨县贫困人口降为6.6万,贫困发生率为11.2%。

政策叠加“结出”宝贵经验

金寨通过宅基地制度改革激活其他扶贫政策,通过政策叠加和制度创新,在改善农民居住条件的同时,带动脱贫致富

这次宅基地试点改革对于国家级贫困县金寨来说是难得的机遇。金寨县副县长刘林表示,按照中央关于脱贫“两不愁三保障”的标准,金寨面临最棘手、最迫切的问题是住房保障。因此,宅基地制度改革试点被赋予了特殊的历史使命——为农民尤其是贫困人口提供更安全、便利的居住条件。

更难能可贵的是,金寨县通过宅基地制度改革激活其他扶贫政策,通过政策叠加和制度创新,在改善农民居住条件的同时,带动了脱贫致富。

为集约利用土地,金寨县首先在规划上做起了文章。金寨县国土局副局长郑汉涛说,改革试点之初,金寨实施了“1+X”村庄布点规划,按照每个行政村1个中心村庄、不超过3个保留自然村庄的原则,编制村级土地利用规划和村庄布点规划。

为引导农民主动向城镇和规划的居民点迁移,县里出台了多个政策,从住房保障、就业创业、公共服务等方面为他们提供保障。对到县城、集镇购房或在规划村庄建房的农户,县里还协调金融机构提供贷款。数据显示,目前金寨县已有1000余户农村居民自愿腾退宅基地进城入镇,全县启动了214个规划农村居民点建设,可为近万户农户提供住房保障。

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