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机器人时代:“智”胜未来

2017-08-26 06:30:55   中国经济网

机器人在未来将是万物互联的智能终端,它的核心就是利用云端存储和共享信息的能力,解决人机协作问题,解决从物端到云端的紧密合作。”于海斌说,机器人互联网既是网络又是平台,它是实现机器人、物理过程、信息系统和人之间的泛在连接,并通过云计算和大数据实现海量工业数据的集成、处理与分析,支撑复杂机器人系统的跨领域设计和应用开发。

从互联网角度看,机器人延伸了互联网外延,通过感知、认知、决策和执行一体化特性,互联网的虚拟信息能够和实体物理空间深度融合;从机器人角度讲,机器人与海量云端知识资源纵向互联,突破了单体机器人在物理空间、时间上的限制,使其边界、能力、智能成指数级扩展。

“机器人互联网能够提供一种崭新的模式,实现机器人系统的智能化拓展、网络化协同、云化应用和服务化延伸,它的想象与探索空间还很大。”于海斌介绍,谷歌已采用14台机器人彼此网络互联,通过共享经验知识,学习抓取各种物体。经过3000小时、80万次的抓取尝试训练后,机器人展现出“智能反应行为迹象”,为机器人互联互通开了个好头。

智造:

人机协作联合攻关

随着机器人和人工智能的匹配发展,这些搭载了人工智能的机器人在人机交互等方面表现抢眼,将成为行业发展的中流砥柱

旋转、跳跃……视频里的机器人随着音乐迈起了优美的舞蹈步伐,与人和谐共舞:日本东北大学机器人系教授Kazuhiro Kosuge正向大家展示其研究的物理人机交互技术成果——共舞机器人。

与人共舞看似轻松简易,背后却暗藏玄机。“一些任务即使有了助理机器人的帮助也并非能够轻易完成,这是因为机器人不知道该如何与人协作。”Kazuhiro Kosuge向记者回忆起开发共舞机器人的初衷,“跳舞恰恰成了最简单的任务,了解舞伴将如何移动、两位舞者将分别扮演何种角色等,这些正是令人机互动更加紧密的关键”。

“共舞机器人面临的挑战是,如何保证机器人和人之间的互动持续稳定,因为两者将始终保持接触,反复循环。”Kazuhiro Kosuge说,为此,他们引入渐进式教学概念,基于感官发展阶段理论,通过不断教学获得舞者动作数据反馈,基于反馈再次评估,依次循环,调节机器人的相关参数。“如果机器人可以给其对应的工人不断提供工具和零部件,那么,这名工人就可以专注于装配工作,提高生产效率。我们以共舞机器人为牵引,在工业生产过程中进行实验,结果证明,优化后的人机协作工艺能够节约20%至30%的装配时间。”Kazuhiro Kosuge说。

从共舞、家用到制造业生产,人机协作技术让机器人大展拳脚,这些搭载了人工智能的机器人将成为行业发展的中流砥柱。“人工智能研究从早期的逻辑驱动到数据驱动,包括深度学习,接下来应该着眼于神经驱动,进一步了解大脑信息处理过程中的运行机制,更好地发挥人机协作优势。”清华大学计算机科学与技术系教授孙富春说,通过认知实现人机共生,包括思考及如何利用大数据综合进行思维的决策等,新一代机器人已在人机交互等方面表现抢眼。

“机器人发展依照‘工具—管家—伴侣’的线路演进,从帮助主人完成单一任务,直到通过主人的表情和语调能够判断意图,形成自动化、信息化和人工智能技术的联合协作。”科沃斯机器人有限公司创始人兼董事长钱东奇表示,随着机器人和人工智能的匹配发展,机器人一定会如虎添翼,在与人的交互过程中加深对人的认知和了解,加速其成长。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 郭静原)

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