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世界机器人大会发布“机器人领域十项最具成长性技术展望”

2017-08-27 19:55:44   新华网

新华社北京8月27日电(记者 盖博铭、陈旭)在27日举行的2017世界机器人大会闭幕式上,世界机器人大会专家委员会结合机器人发展态势和演进规律,发布“机器人领域十项最具成长性技术展望(2017-2018年)”。医疗、勘探、国防等领域成为重点标的。

(一)“软体的机器人”——柔性机器人技术

该技术是指采用柔韧性材料进行机器人的研发、设计和制造,一般采用记忆合金、气体驱动等控制方式。柔性材料具有能够在大范围内任意改变自身形状的特点,在管道故障检查、医疗诊断、侦查探测领域具有广泛前景。

(二)“机器人可变形”——液态金属控制技术

该技术是指通过控制驱动电磁场外部环境,对液态金属材料进行外观特征、运动状态的准确控制的一种技术,可以用于智能制造、灾后救援等领域。

(三)“生物信号也可以控制机器人”——生肌电控制技术

该技术是指利用人类上肢表面肌电信号来控制机器臂的技术,可以增强人机交互的自然性和主动性,在远程控制、医疗康复等领域有着较为广阔的应用。

(四)“机器人也可以有皮肤”——敏感触觉技术

该技术是指采用基于电学和微粒子触觉技术的新型触觉传感器,使机器人拥有类似人类皮肤的敏感触觉,能够让机器人对物体的外形、质地和硬度更加敏感,最终胜任医疗、勘探等一系列复杂工作。

(五)“机器人‘主动’和你说话”——会话式智能交互技术

该技术是指结合语音唤醒、远场语音识别和深度语义理解技术,让人与机器能够实现人与人一般的交互方式。机器人不仅能理解用户的问题并给出精准答案,还能在信息不全的情况下主动引导完成会话。

(六)“机器人可以有‘心理活动’”——情感识别技术

该技术是指通过融合人类面部表情、语音特征、眼动状态和肢体识别等多类别状态特征,并且通过感知技术综合判断,实现对人类情感甚至是心理活动的有效识别,使机器人获得类似人类的观察、理解、反应能力。可应用于机器人辅助医疗康复、刑侦鉴别等领域。

(七)“用意念操控机器”——脑机接口技术

该技术是指通过对神经系统电活动和特征信号的收集、识别及转化,使人脑发出的指令能够直接传递给指定的机器终端,在人与机器人的交流沟通领域有重大创新意义,可应用于助残康复、灾害救援和娱乐体验。

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