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首例人体冷冻引争议 “冷冻人”法律身份如何界定?

2017-08-21 07:56:59   中国经济网

目前世界上已有300多人加入冷冻计划,虽然至今仍没有冷冻人进行复苏,但并不排除其可能性。一旦有一天,冷冻人醒来,又该如何确认他的法律身份?他的婚姻关系、财产继承、债务关系又该如何处置?

曹兴权教授认为,这里的“醒来”是在法律上被确定为死亡后救治成功的结果。相关的社会关系、财产关系应依民法一般原理处理。例如若配偶未婚,婚姻关系可比照死亡宣告后被宣告后死亡者又出现的原则处理。

北京市康达律师事务所律师韩骁则提出了一种新模式,即认定当事人已经死亡,所有法律关系终结,复活后的人可视为一个新生个体,重新开始构建所有的法律关系。

“‘人体冷冻技术’会涉及到生命伦理、违背生命循环的自然规律等问题。但作为人类对生命追求的新技术来说,现在的医学技术还达不到‘起死回生’的程度,因此不用过于紧张、担心和粗暴打压,我们不应扼杀一项新生技术的发展。”龚波则认为,当下社会应当更加宽容的看待这一新生事物。同时他呼吁应尽早制定国家级的《遗体捐献条例》,以弥补此方面的法律空白。

问题03

捐献遗体:谁有权捐赠?怎么捐?

关于遗体捐赠,我国法律目前并没有统一的规定,一些省份结合自身情况制定了相应的法规条例。多地《遗体捐献条例》规定,捐献的遗体应当用于医学教育、科研和临床,也就是人们熟知的器官移植、解剖实验等领域。

在中国首例“人体冷冻案”中,展女士在她生命的最后时光里向丈夫表示,去世后愿意捐献遗体为社会做点贡献。当她被宣告临床死亡之后,丈夫作为亲属签署了遗体捐赠登记表,并参与人体低温保存试验项目。

而对于普通人来说,如果自己生前并没有表示愿意捐赠遗体,家人是否能在其死后将遗体捐赠?又是否能代表其参与人体低温保存这样的项目呢?

2001年3月1日开始施行的上海市《遗体捐献条例》是我国第一部遗体捐献的地方性法规。其中第十二条明确: 对生前未明确表示不同意捐献遗体的死者,其近亲属可全部或部分捐献遗体用于医学科学事业。如果近亲属之间意见不统一,登记机构不得办理捐献手续。

对此,曹兴权教授认为:“近亲属在患者失去意识后享有医疗方案同意权。在患者失去意识之时,若患者未对死后之事做特别安排,近亲属也有权签订遗体捐赠协议。”广州医科大学卫生管理学院法学系副教授龚波也指出,病人配偶、父母、成年子女可以在此种情形下以书面形式共同表示同意捐献,并代办捐献登记手续。

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