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资本牵手艺术涉法律风险不容忽视

2017-08-20 04:06:21   中国青年网

社会资本和艺术创作牵手合作的形态正在不断更新,相关立法和司法解释应当未雨绸缪,加快立、改、废、释步伐,以适应社会生活发展与行为方式的变化

□ 胡勇

据报道,企业家张明与画家刘国新数年前签订了一份《资助创作协议》,以1000万元代价包下画家10年画作。然而,协议的履行并不顺利,后来双方因分歧而诉至法院。法院审理认为,刘国新提供的画作不符合双方协议约定,于是判决刘国新返还张明已经提供的创作资金,并腾退张明提供给刘国新创作使用的房屋,同时也判决张明将已经收到的6幅画作返还刘国新。目前,画家因为拒不履行生效法律文书确定的义务,已被人民法院列入失信被执行人名单。这起诉讼因为属于新型诉讼,所以一经见诸报端便引发社会关注。

用巨资包下画家10年画作,这类合同不乏耳闻。企业家富裕起来之后热心资助艺术创作,有利于促进文化事业繁荣,符合社会进步发展方向,其精神可敬可佩,但是其中所蕴含的法律风险却不容忽视。从法律角度看,资助创作协议与现行合同法中的承揽合同十分相似,但在实质内容上却与传统的承揽合同大异其趣。传统承揽合同的标的物大多属于普通实体物品,其价值与报酬、权利与义务都具有明确的法律标准,易于人们衡量和计算。相对而言,艺术作品的高低优劣就比较抽象,市场价值的鉴定往往莫衷一是。一旦发生纠纷,审理和执行都颇费周折和思量。

因此,上述这起由企业家和画家签订的《资助创作协议》所引发的民事纠纷提醒:社会资本和艺术创作牵手合作的形态正在不断更新,相关立法和司法解释应当未雨绸缪,加快立、改、废、释步伐,以适应社会生活发展与行为方式的变化。当前,我国合同方面的法律、法规虽然已经十分完备,但是依然难以涵盖民事诉讼的方方面面,尤其在与艺术作品密切相关的知识产权领域。艺术作品的水平高低在某种程度上可以说取决于艺术家电光石火般的创作灵感,与艺术家一时一地的精神状态息息相关,即使同一位艺术家,其作品的市场价值在不同时期、受不同因素影响,也可能出现天差地别的距离。因此,现行合同法规定的评价合同标的物的质量、数量的标准,在适用于此类合同纠纷时就必然显得捉襟见肘、力不从心。

北京市知识产权法院终审的这起特殊类型合同纠纷案件在司法实践层面上进行了可贵的探索,对今后人民法院审理同类纠纷有一定标本意义。尽管在执行方面存在一定法律空白,以至于执行过程步履维艰,但只要当事各方心怀法律敬畏、尊重法院判决、坚持诚实信用,相信一定能够在法治轨道上使纠纷获得圆满解决。

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