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“哈维”刚过“艾尔玛”又至 飓风考验美国救灾能力

2017-09-09 09:01:53   新华网

《休斯敦新闻报》的报道称,财产遭受损失的居民和企业正在准备起诉政府,争取高达数十亿美元的赔偿金。有媒体在反思洪灾时指出,休斯敦的规划是有问题的。一是开发商控制了这片区域,只图商业利益,忽视长远规划,导致无序开发,洪水隐患被忽略。二是对水库超容的情况估计不足。休斯敦郊外的阿蒂克斯水库和巴克水库附近是此次洪水的重灾区。由于水位上涨太快,水库泄洪,淹没了无数的住宅。

  次生灾害问题凸显

3日,美国联邦紧急措施署就已宣布在休斯敦市中心成立灾害恢复中心,为遭受飓风灾害的民众提供咨询登记等服务。这是“哈维”飓风后在休斯敦成立的首家灾害恢复中心。不过,由于休斯敦市多家炼油厂和石化工厂受洪水影响出现大量污染物泄漏,当地居民面临有毒烟雾、饮用水被污染等严峻的次生灾害问题。

记者了解到,居住在休斯敦工业区附近的居民表示空气中一直弥漫着刺鼻的气味,不少人已经出现呼吸道问题。“好像有人用手压迫着你的鼻子和眼睛,”居住在休斯敦东部地区的布赖恩·帕拉斯在接受媒体采访时说,“你开始觉得头疼,眼睛发痒,喉咙刺痛。我出门不一会儿就有这样的感觉,我意识到空气污染严重,于是就只好待在家里。”

有关部门近日对休斯敦西南部空气监测结果显示,该地区臭氧含量水平高出全美标准水平3倍,这是得克萨斯州近期最严重的空气污染。5日起,休斯敦健康管理局的空气监测小组已开始对全休斯敦的空气情况进行监控。

亚利桑那州生物多样性研究中心的统计数据则显示,休斯敦超过60家石化工厂、超过2700万吨的有害气体超量排放,这些气体混合了苯、乙烷、二氧化硫、二甲苯等多种有害物质,会对居民的健康带来严重影响。

  重建资金来源堪忧

7日,美国国会参议院投票批准规模为152.5亿美元飓风“哈维”灾后援助计划,为政府提供融资措施,并将债务上限延长至12月8日。然而,这笔重建资金对“哈维”所造成的灾害而言只能说是杯水车薪。得克萨斯州州长阿博特日前接受美国福克斯新闻采访时表示,预计“哈维”飓风造成的经济损失高达1800亿美元。隶属美国商务部的美国国家海洋和大气管理局将在10月份首次公布该机构的官方测算数据。

之所以造成如此大的损失,是因为此次被“哈维”侵袭的休斯敦是美国第四大城市,其周边地区也是美国经济增长速度最快的都市圈。而根据休斯敦市政府官方网站的数据,这里有超过5000家能源企业,被称为世界能源“首都”,全美有近1/3的炼油厂受到此次飓风影响。而且,休斯敦市在暴风雨到来之前,没有下令疏散民众,直接导致民众困在被水淹没的家中,增加了灾害损失。

据《纽约时报》报道,得克萨斯州财政上严重依赖联邦政府,其32%的政府收入来自联邦。那笔等待国会批准的拨款被阿博特形容为仅仅是一笔“预付定金”,“如果我们希望重建休斯敦和周围受灾地区,真正的灾后资金投入才刚刚起步。”

如今,“艾尔玛”携风夹雨袭来,佛罗里达州及美国东南海岸一带均已进入“应战”状态。巴克莱研究公司称,“艾尔玛”可能创下美国有史以来最庞大的保险损失,将超过2005年摧毁新奥尔良市的“卡特琳娜”飓风。可见,受到“哈维”“艾尔玛”连续侵袭的美国,繁重的灾后清理和重建任务对于当地政府和联邦政府而言,都不会轻松。(记者 高石 章念生)

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