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污染物泄漏 “哈维”过后休斯敦环境污染严重

2017-09-05 07:00:48   新华网

虽然飓风“哈维”已经减弱,但其破坏力丝毫未减。美国得克萨斯州休斯敦市多家炼油厂和石化工厂受洪水影响出现大量污染物泄漏,当地居民面临有毒烟雾、饮用水被污染等问题的风险增加。

【严重污染】

英国《卫报》2日报道,受“哈维”影响,休斯敦市多家炼油厂和石化工厂排放的有害物质激增。

据统计,2700多吨有害物质超量排放。位于亚利桑那州的“生物多样性研究中心”一项分析指出,休斯敦超过60家石化工厂排放的有害气体混合了苯、乙烷、二氧化硫、二甲苯等多种有害物质。

1日,休斯敦西南部地区的臭氧含量水平高出全美标准水平3倍,当地出现得州近期最严重的空气污染。科学家提醒在户外重建家园的居民,当天空气污染严重,老年人、儿童和哮喘疾病患者需加强防护。

赖斯大学从事空气污染研究的专家丹尼尔·科汉指出,污染物实际排放量可能远超各企业向监管部门报告的数量,因为受灾后很难查清到底有多少有害物质泄漏。

除空气污染,休斯敦还面临饮用水遭污染的风险。美国环境保护局及得州环境质量委员会表示,他们已经派出200余名工作人员监测废水排放问题,确保当地饮用水安全。

上述机构在一份联合声明中说,洪水中可能含有很多有害物质,包括细菌和其他疾病的介质,民众在清理废墟或参与暴露在水中的其他活动时必须采取防护措施。

【健康隐患】

《卫报》报道,长期暴露在含有害物质的环境中会引发一系列健康问题,导致人们患癌症的风险增加、出现肠胃异常反应、头晕恶心、肌肉无力等症状。

“哈维”影响虽已减弱,但居住在休斯敦工业区附近的居民表示,空气中一直弥漫着刺鼻的气味,不少人已经出现呼吸道问题。

“好像有人用手压迫着你的鼻子和眼睛,”居住在休斯敦东部地区的布赖恩·帕拉斯说,“你开始觉得头疼,眼睛发痒,喉咙刺痛。我出门不一会儿就有这样的感觉,我意识到空气污染严重,于是就只好待在家里。”

美国国会1970年通过《清洁空气法》修正案。从那以后,休斯敦从未达到全美空气质量标准。此次受洪水影响导致污染物排放激增更令人担忧居民健康问题。

科汉指出,长期暴露在有污染环境中,工厂周边的低收入群体患上癌症的风险大大增加。

当地一些居民对解决污染问题失去信心。退休女工杰西卡·赫尔茨说,空气中弥漫着一股浓重的汽油味让她感到很不舒服,“目前的情况已经很糟,似乎没有好转迹象,情况只会越来越糟”。(包雪琳)(新华社专特稿)

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