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在“页岩气革命”中寻求突破

2017-09-14 10:11:23   新华网

桥塞也是页岩气开采必不可少的核心部件,其机械性能和抗压性要求十分严苛。“以抗压性为例,需要达到几十甚至上百兆帕,100兆帕的压力瞬间释放可穿透1厘米厚的钢板。”搭上中国页岩气开发“快车”的民企重庆鼎顺隆能源技术公司CEO李海晨告诉记者,这一自主研制的产品已畅销国内外。

“目前我国已实现3500米以浅页岩气绿色、高效开发和技术装备自主,形成了一整套适合我国地质条件的页岩气勘探开发技术和标准体系,还在3500米以深的区域实现了突破。单井开发成本和最初相比已下降了近一半。”焦方正说。

  产业突破:“千帆竞发”撬动“沉睡”的巨量资源

今年8月18日,我国页岩气探矿权拍卖全国“第一槌”在贵州敲响。经过激烈角逐,贵州产业投资集团以12.9亿元竞得正安县安场镇页岩气探矿权。这是国土资源部继2011年和2012年推出两轮页岩气区块招标之后,再次通过公开竞标出让页岩气区块探矿权。

与传统油气开发是大型国有企业的天下不同,我国页岩气开发伊始就有多家非油气企业和民营企业竞得探矿权;开发企业也一改过去一个单位“一包到底”的模式,建立起了“小甲方、大市场”的开发管理模式,有效提高了开发效率和效益。

胡德高告诉记者,以涪陵页岩气田为例,甲方管理人员只有200余人,而在作业高峰期,这里汇集了270多支施工队伍、人数超过8000人。“有中石化、中石油,也有民企和外企;谁的效率高、技术好,就让谁来干!”

随着我国页岩气开发不断推进,一大批产业链上下游企业茁壮成长,正在形成全产业链“千帆竞发”的可喜局面。

今年,国家发展改革委等多个部门提出加快推进天然气利用,逐步将天然气培育成为我国现代清洁能源体系的主体能源之一;到2020年,天然气在一次能源消费结构中的占比力争达到10%左右。

“页岩气有条件成为清洁能源增量的‘生力军’。”在张大伟看来,页岩气开发的技术装备不断优化、市场主体持续丰富、产业链条快速发育,为我国页岩气提速增产、扩大清洁能源消费占比提供了良好基础。

根据国土部门资源评价,我国页岩气可采资源量达20余万亿立方米,但目前全国累计探明页岩气地质储量不到1万亿立方米,绝大部分资源尚处在沉睡状态。国务院发展研究中心市场经济研究所副所长邓郁松认为,目前的开发力度还不够,尤其是一些面积大、潜力大、可采性强的区块还没有动起来。

曾参与壳牌等跨国公司页岩气开发的李海晨认为,我国页岩气逐步放量、持续增长是大势所趋。“如果政策推动力度再大一些、市场更活跃一些,中国在10年内实现‘页岩气革命’是有可能的。”

“近期我们在3500米以浅区块的开发已经实现多点开花,3500米以深的区块也有重大突破,个别气井钻井深度已超过5000米,技术进步还有很大的潜力可挖。”张大伟表示,我们还需坚定信心、奋蹄疾步!

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