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在“页岩气革命”中寻求突破

2017-09-14 10:11:23   新华网

作为我国页岩气大规模商业开发的“始发站”——涪陵页岩气田,一期50亿立方米年产能已经建成、二期50亿立方米年产能建设任务已经过半。“今年底将累计建成100亿立方米产能!”中石化江汉油田副总经理兼涪陵页岩气公司总经理胡德高说。

目前涪陵页岩气田日产量稳定在1600万立方米以上,相当于3200多万家庭的日常生活用气量;通过接入“川气东送”管道,涪陵页岩气田正源源不断地向长江沿线8个省市输送清洁能源。

地处川南地区的中石油长宁—威远页岩气田,近期也迎来快速增产。去年以来,这一区块新增探明储量1108.15亿立方米,建成产能25亿立方米,累计产气超过50亿立方米;到2020年,长宁—威远页岩气田产量有望达到100亿立方米。

“我国页岩气资源量位居世界前列,只要我们坚持不懈继续干,中国也有望迎来‘页岩气革命’。”中国科学院院士、中石化副总地质师金之钧说。

  技术突破:在摔碎的“瓷盘”里“闻味识气”

“如果说常规天然气开采是‘静脉采血’,那页岩气开采则是从‘毛细血管’中‘采血’!”谈及页岩气开采之难,中石化集团副总经理焦方正如是说。

“借鉴北美页岩气开发经验和技术谈何容易。”中石化油田事业部副主任蔡勋育说。

最初,通过引进国外大公司、运用北美理论技术,打了一批井,但未获得大型商业发现。“我们逐井分析钻探失利原因,发现北美的理论技术不适应我国复杂的地质条件。”中石化勘探分公司总经理郭旭升说。

有专家形容我国南方页岩气藏犹如被摔碎的“瓷盘”,深埋在大山中。一些国际油服“巨头”面对中国埋藏深度更大、气藏结构更复杂、保存条件更差的页岩气藏,因理论和技术出现严重的“不适应症”,最后只能退出。

惟其艰难,方显勇毅。以中石化、中石油为代表的科研单位和企业矢志创新,攻克了一个又一个“硬骨头”——

压裂,通俗地说就是把页岩气从石头缝里“挤”出来,被专家称之为打开页岩气“库藏”的“钥匙”。“我们通过引进、消化、吸收和创新,很快全面掌握了从设计到指挥、施工全套技术。”江汉油田页岩气勘探开发管理部主任刘尧文说。

水平钻井是页岩气开采中的核心技术。涪陵页岩气田尝试利用“三图一表”跟踪法进行钻井导向,如今已经形成成熟的三维可视化地质导向技术,钻头可以“闻着”气藏的“味道”前进。

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