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【治国理政新实践 内蒙古篇】内蒙古特色的治沙之路

2017-09-05 21:51:52   央广网

据第五次荒漠化和沙化土地监测结果,内蒙古荒漠化和沙化土地面积连续15年双缩减,全区荒漠化和沙化土地面积分别比2009年减少625万亩和515万亩。

从沙进人退到沙退人进,在内蒙古地图上,黄色中的绿色由一点点、一丝丝,逐渐变成一块块、一片片。据自治区林业厅治沙造林处处长郝永富介绍,2000年至今,在国家重点工程的带动下,内蒙古年均完成林业生态建设面积超过1000万亩,沙区逐渐呈现出“绿肥黄瘦”的景象。

科学治沙走出特色道路

天刚亮,在通辽市库伦旗六家子林场“不同类型沙丘综合治理技术集成与示范”课题飞播示范区的上空,一架小型播种飞机从远处轰鸣而来,将一粒粒带着科研人员绿化沙漠的决心和希望的种子播撒在荒漠的沙丘上。

这是一次飞播造林试验任务。按照内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题“不同类型沙丘综合治理技术集成与示范”实施方案的要求,在5000亩流动、半流动的沙丘上进行飞播造林试验,继而研究、总结出具有辐射推广价值的飞播造林技术。

上世纪七八十年代,“年降水200毫米以下地区不能飞播造林”,技术制约影响着内蒙古治沙的进程,沙海治理始终缓慢而无奈。

“人定胜天”是一种弥足珍贵的精神追求,尊重自然规律才是治沙的科学理念。在几十年的漫漫治沙路上,内蒙古人渐渐认识到,荒漠戈壁是经过长期的地质年代形成的自然地貌,土地沙漠化则是由于过度开垦放牧、超采地下水等人为活动导致的恶化现象。

找到了原因,就找到了科学施力的“标靶”。经过科技攻关,内蒙古终于打破了这一国际学术瓶颈,首次在年均降水量仅有10—150毫米、蒸发量高达3500毫米的阿拉善盟实现了飞播治沙的突破。同时,自治区配套了GPS导航定位、种子包衣处理等一整套飞播技术措施。不到4年的时间,沙地飞播造林420万亩,大大加快了治沙治理进程和效率。

实践证明,科技的突破和技术的引领是制胜的法宝。与肆虐的沙魔搏击,正确的路径和先进的模式,将会加速改变整个区域的生态进程,为内蒙古生态建设汇聚源头活水。

在长期的防沙治沙、生态恢复的过程中,阿左旗逐步摸索出“飞、封、造”相结合的治理方法。“飞”即飞播造林,飞播规模大、速度快、成本低,符合阿左旗地广人稀的特点;“封”即封山育林,重点放在不宜飞播和人工造林、植被容易自然恢复的地区,辅以人工干预,加快森林植被更新;“造”即人工造林,主要树种为具有防风固沙作用的灌木树种梭梭。

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