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绿染黄沙——内蒙古生态建设连年实现“双提高”“双减少”

2017-09-05 17:20:43   新华网

新华社呼和浩特9月5日电 题:绿染黄沙——内蒙古生态建设连年实现“双提高”“双减少”

新华社记者彭源、李云平

内蒙古雄跨三北,是我国北方面积最大、种类最全的生态功能区。近年来特别是党的十八大以来,自治区实现森林覆盖率、草原植被盖度连续“双提高”,荒漠化、沙化土地持续“双减少”,绿染黄沙让我国北方重要的生态安全屏障更加秀美、牢固,壮美亮丽的内蒙古正在以愈发昂扬奋进的姿态喜迎十九大的到来。

 改善生态 筑牢屏障

内蒙古是我国荒漠化和沙化土地最为集中、危害最为严重的省区之一,荒漠化和沙化土地遍布全区各个盟市。

上世纪八九十年代,受干旱少雨、鼠虫害频发及超载放牧等因素影响,内蒙古草原生态不断恶化,2000年草原植被盖度仅为30%。经过十多年持续治理和国家草原补奖政策的实施,如今草原生态整体恶化趋势得到有效遏制,局部草原明显恢复。2016年启动新一轮草原生态补奖政策时,内蒙古划定基本草原8.84亿亩,草原植被平均盖度达到44%,接近上世纪80年代中期最高水平。

“15年前这里黄沙遍地,‘猪上房、羊跳墙、小孩坐在房檐上、地不打粮、沙子埋房’,如今想在这里抓一把沙都难哩!”锡林郭勒盟多伦县委副书记赵宏站望着绿油油的百万亩樟子松种植区感慨地说。多伦县的巨变只是内蒙古造林绿化的一个缩影。

随着治理力度的不断加强,内蒙古依托“三北”防护林体系建设、天然林保护、退耕还林、京津风沙源治理等国家林业重点生态工程,让全区各个盟市几乎所有旗县都披上“绿装”。据统计,近十年来,内蒙古共计完成林业生态建设1.04亿亩,年均造林面积保持在1000万亩以上,累计造林面积居全国首位。

  沙化缩减 绿色扩展

历史上,位于鄂尔多斯市境内的毛乌素沙地沙大风多、十年九旱,是典型的生态脆弱地区。从2011年开始,国家加大治理力度,毛乌素沙地国有集成示范项目迅速推进,曾经的赤地千里变成了如今的林海草原。

地处内蒙古中部的锡林郭勒盟,全国五大沙地中的浑善达克和乌珠穆沁沙地横贯其间。上世纪70年代至本世纪初,浑善达克沙地沙漠化加剧,流动沙丘吞噬周边草原,平均每年扩展70平方公里。持续受损的沙地生态系统使得浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴天气频发,对群众生活造成严重影响。

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