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【治国理政新实践 内蒙古篇】内蒙古特色的治沙之路

2017-09-05 21:51:52   央广网

“回过头去看,如果没有京津风沙源治理工程,这里的生态状况将无法想象。在多伦人的心里,这项工程就是德政工程、民心工程,是造福子孙后代的工程。”多伦县林业局局长范金秋感慨道。

土地沙化,被称为“地球癌症”,内蒙古是全国荒漠化和沙化土地集中和危害严重的省区之一。面对严峻的生态形势,自治区历届党委、政府高度重视林业生产和发展。特别是西部大开发以来,提出了“把内蒙古建设成为我国北方最重要的生态防线”的宏伟目标,按照国家和自治区的决策部署,坚持以生态建设为主的林业发展道路,把生态保护和建设作为最重要的基础建设来抓。可以说,内蒙古的奋斗史就是一部防沙治沙、与天抗争的历史。

内蒙古作为祖国北方的重要生态屏障,其突出的战略地位,让这里的生态治理受到了国家的高度重视。作为全国唯一六大林业生态重点工程全部覆盖的省区,“三北”防护林建设、京津风沙源治理、退耕还林、天然林保护等国家重点工程先后在内蒙古得到强力推进。

——退耕还林工程区林草盖度由退耕前的15%提高到80%以上,退耕地的地表径流量减少20%以上,泥沙量减少24%以上。据2014年退耕还林工程生态效益监测国家报告显示,内蒙古退耕还林工程生态效益价值量达1132.78亿元/年。

——“十二五”期间,京津风沙源治理工程区累计完成林业项目建设任务2333.4万亩。通过集中连片,综合治理,重点区域的风沙危害得到了有效遏制,林草覆盖度增加20%以上,阴山北麓长300公里、宽50公里,浑善达克沙地南缘长约400公里、宽1-10公里的绿色生态屏障初步形成。

——天然林保护工程区共完成建设任务913.2万亩,森林资源管护面积由一期工程的1.7亿亩增加到3.09亿亩,增加了1.39亿亩。2015年工程区全面停止了天然林商业性采伐,停伐木材量122.6万立方米。

——三北防护林体系建设区总面积99.79万平方公里,占自治区总面积的84.35%。全区累计完成三北工程建设任务1.16亿亩,使得科尔沁沙地、毛乌素沙地呈现区域性逆转的态势。呼伦贝尔沙地呈现出全面整治的新局面,固定沙地面积增加1万多公顷,保护草场3万多公顷,沙区植被得到有效恢复,植被盖度大幅度增加。腾格里沙漠东南缘防风固沙林体系初步形成,建成了长200公里、宽3—5公里的生物治沙带。

数字的巨变定格了历史片断,背后却是内蒙古人力斗“沙魔”的不懈努力。占全国总人口不足1.8%的内蒙古人,完成人工造林面积超过全国人工造林总面积的10%,治理风沙危害土地面积超过全国风沙危害土地总面积的10%。巍峨的绿色长城,不仅是北疆的丰碑,更是内蒙古各族人民抵御风沙、搏击干旱的历史见证。

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