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逐梦春天的“候鸟”——追记“农田院士”朱英国

2017-08-28 15:56:05   新华网

朱英国不仅有梦想,而且他一直把梦想当日子过,虽然追梦异常艰苦,可是他过得很充实很快乐。”最早与朱英国同赴海南的邓海铭这样说。

  居安思危:为吃好端稳饭碗

在杂交水稻领域,朱英国的“红莲型”与袁隆平“野败型”、日本的“包台型”被国际育种界公认为三大细胞质雄性不育类型。惟有“野败型”“红莲型”获大面积种植推广,被誉为“东方魔稻”。

如今,“红莲型”杂交稻在全国及东南亚等地区推广种植面积累计超过1亿亩。其中,红莲型“珞优8号”最高亩产达876公斤,跨入“超级稻”行列。“红莲”不仅惠及5亿中国农民,而且开始造福世界人类。

40多年来,朱英国一直过着“水稻候鸟”的生活。连续26年,没在家过年。他高兴地表示,自己的一年要过几个春天,一年可以干几年的活。

改革开放以后,大部分中国人可以吃饱了;粮食连增,浪费多了;青壮打工,种田成本上涨,耕地抛荒多了;城里人味口高了,看不上国产大米了……朱英国感到,我国粮食安全面临新的考验。

在他看来,杂交水稻是属于中国的原创,创新是解决我国粮食安全问题的根本出路。他在带领团队完善“红莲”家族的同时,不断寻找安全盛放中国人“鸡蛋”、保障国家粮食安全的第二个、第三个“篮筐”。

早在上世纪80年代,朱英国就提出从农家品种中发现新的不育种质资源的设想。1984年3月,经过大海捞针,他和助手余金洪在上千个农家品种中发现了马尾粘中一棵不育株。

经过3年杂交试验,马尾粘细胞质雄性不育系“马协A”终于成功培育出来了。“马协型”杂交稻的突出特点是米质优,目前在全国推广面积已超过2000万亩。

水稻界专家认为,“马协型”和“红莲型”杂交水稻开创了从农家品种中获得雄性不育资源的新领域,有效防止了单一细胞质来源可能给我国粮食安全带来的潜在风险,为保障国家粮食安全作出了重要贡献。

近年来,朱英国率团队紧盯“高产、优质、广适、生态”目标,加大开发新的不育系力度,在培育抗干旱、抗高温、抗倒伏、抗虫害、氮肥高效、易育种、易管理、适宜中低产田种植,以及再生稻新品种等方面取得一系列创新成果;并建立了一支强有力的市场推广队伍,有力推动了产学研一体化。

虽年事已高,朱英国仍不断学习、与时俱进,他在国内最早使用分子标记辅助育种技术,并取得技术突破;2014年,75岁的朱英国凭借“两系法杂交水稻技术研究与应用”,荣获国家科技进步特等奖……

武汉大学高级工程师朱仁山32年跟随朱英国搞科研,他深有感触地说:“是使命感决定了先生的科研高度。他的科研目标始终明确,就是保证老百姓吃饱吃好,保障国家粮食绝对安全。和他一起工作,最大感受是时不我待。”

他忘不了,上世纪90年代,曾经一段时间,由于缺少科研经费,请不起工人,50多岁的朱英国从早到晚在学校试验田,干着最重最累的活。一次,他的脚被严重割伤,只是用水冲了冲,再接着干……

中国科学家发现水稻高产关键基因

我国水稻遗传智能育种技术取得突破

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