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“脱欧”谈判,英国徘徊在让步边缘

2017-08-25 08:37:56   中国青年网

从欧盟接二连三的强硬表态来看,第三轮谈判英国政府很难继续模棱两可。但英国目前的难处是,“软脱欧”很可能被欧盟拒绝,“硬脱欧”又不愿承受欧盟施加的“代价”

英国与欧盟的第三轮“脱欧”谈判预计将于8月28日开始。在此前两轮谈判未果且欧盟态度强硬的情况下,英国近日发布了几份立场文件,以明确其谈判立场和目标,展示坚持既定路线的决心。然而不少分析却认为,这几份文件中的内容恰恰暗示英国可能会在司法管辖权等问题上让步,并从“硬脱欧”进一步靠向“软脱欧”。究竟英国在“脱欧”问题上是否会让步,只能留待第三轮谈判开始后才能揭晓。

今年6月和7月,英国和欧盟进行了前两轮“脱欧”谈判。虽然双方并未在具体问题上取得进展,但谈判日程和谈判格局基本成型,前两轮谈判均呈现出欧盟主攻、英国主守的局面。在谈判日程上,英国也接受欧盟的要求,先谈英国如何脱离欧盟,再谈未来的英欧关系。受国内意见分歧的影响,英国政府在谈判时显得底气不足,而欧盟则展现出团结一致的姿态。欧盟首席谈判代表巴尼耶在第二轮谈判结束后曾表示,英国在第三轮谈判时需首先明确在“分手费”、公民权利和北爱尔兰与爱尔兰边界等问题上的立场。巴尼耶8月22日又强调称,第三轮谈判将专注于讨论英国如何井然有序地退出欧盟。

一方面是为了平息国内质疑,另一方面也是为了回应欧盟要求,英国政府近日陆续公布了几分谈判立场文件。8月15日,英国政府在首份“脱欧”立场文件中提议,在英国退出欧盟关税同盟后设立“临时关税同盟”,在此期间英国有权与非欧盟国家商签贸易协议。8月16日,英国政府又在第二份文件中就北爱尔兰边界问题明确表示,英国希望实现一个“无缝隙、无摩擦”的英国-欧盟边界,建议不设“任何实体的边界基础设施和边检站”,使人员往来畅通无阻。

8月21日,英国政府再次发布文件,建议英国“脱欧”之前存放于市场上的商品应当以现有规则在欧盟市场出售,而不受“脱欧”时点和额外要求的限制。英国《卫报》同一天报道称,英国政府打算在即将推出的立场文件中承认,欧洲法院的有关裁决在英国“脱欧”后仍将适用于英国。不过该报第二天又改口称,新文件将提出未来英欧司法争端的多种解决途径,其中包括设立联合委员会等机制。

今年年初,英国政府曾宣布英国将执行退出欧洲共同市场和欧盟关税同盟的“硬脱欧”路线,但不少分析人士和英国政客认为,上述几份文件恰恰表明,无论是在贸易问题、边界问题还是司法问题上英国都不够“硬”。英国政府正在“软脱欧”的边缘徘徊,其中原因在于英国国内在“脱欧”问题上分歧犹存。尤为外界注意的是,英国财政大臣哈蒙德倾向于“软脱欧”,以给商界和金融界提供过渡期,而“脱欧”大臣戴维斯则坚持“硬脱欧”。

对于英国政府设立“临时关税同盟”等提议,欧盟方面均予以“冷遇”。欧盟发言人日前重申,必须在欧盟公民权利、金融安排和北爱尔兰边境三个关键问题上取得“足够进展”,才可以展开有关贸易问题的磋商。从欧盟接二连三的强硬表态来看,第三轮谈判英国政府很难继续模棱两可。但英国目前的难处是,“软脱欧”很可能被欧盟拒绝,“硬脱欧”又不愿承受欧盟施加的“代价”。英国首相特雷莎·梅的一名发言人8月21日表示,英国有信心使谈判在10月前取得进展,以便能够进入讨论未来伙伴关系的下一阶段谈判。究竟英国的信心从何而来,外界只能拭目以待。

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