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揭秘中国核试验基地:这里爆响了震撼世界的惊雷

2017-08-22 06:26:56   中国青年网

这一天,中国开始了研制核武器的艰巨而又伟大的征程。

研制核武器,不仅要从零开始造出原子弹,这颗原子弹必须炸响才算成功。这也就意味着,在核武器研制的同时,就必须要找到一块足够广大、足够荒凉的核武器试验场。

时任国防部长的彭德怀指示:“关于导弹基地、原子弹试验基地选场问题交给陈锡联,他是炮兵司令,这几年跑的地方多。选好了交给工程兵司令陈士榘,由他的工程兵负责建。安排部队的事情,荣臻同志多操心,最好是成建制拉过去,这样利于保密。”但实际执行中,前期原子弹试验场的选址工作,主要还是在苏联专家的指导下进行的。

在勘察过青海西部、内蒙古西部、新疆东南部等多个地区后,苏联专家建议把核试验场设在敦煌西北地区。

1958年夏秋之间,一群身穿便衣的军人悄悄来到了敦煌,在古阳关外的大戈壁上安营扎寨。

几天以后,一位中央的“大人物”也来到这里,此人正是时任国防部长的彭德怀。

在鸣沙山下,彭德怀秘密接见了这支队伍的两个负责人:队长张志善和政委常勇。

张志善报告说:“我们是0673部的。”彭德怀当时就笑了,说:“你们对我还保密啊,0673就是原子靶场嘛……”

这段对话的背景,是中央军委当年4月决定组建两支队伍:0673部队负责建设原子靶场,0674部队负责建设原子仓库。这两支队伍里的很多干部都来自于商丘步校,常勇是学校的政治委员,张志善是副校长,接到任务以后,学校的干部一分为二,一半去0673,一半去0674,常勇和张志善都被分到了0673部队。

到了1958年10月下旬,敦煌地区的勘察工作基本结束。时任工程兵司令员的陈士榘带领工程兵设计院、总后营房部等单位组成的工作组以及苏联专家到现场勘察,最后确定了各场区的位置。爆心定在了敦煌西北方向130~150公里处,指挥区距爆心60公里。

敦煌核试验基地即将动工,0673部队部队长、核武器试验靶场主任到任了。他就是战功赫赫的张蕴钰。

张蕴钰1937年参加八路军,同年入党,在抗日战争和解放战争中历练成长,从普通一兵直至军副参谋长。抗美援朝期间,15军在上甘岭打出威名时,军参谋长正是张蕴钰。归国后,张蕴钰任第三兵团参谋长,经陈赓大将推荐,就任0673部队的主任。

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