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科考队再探第三极揭秘河湖源

2017-08-20 14:41:23   中国青年网

7月9日,科考队员在羌塘自然保护区普若岗日冰原脚下考察。 新华社发

科学家们在藏北发现古人类遗址。

央视截图

7月9日,科考队员在羌塘自然保护区普若岗日冰原脚下考察。 新华社发

科学家们在藏北发现古人类遗址。

央视截图

昨天下午,第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究暨“河湖源科考”在拉萨正式启动,这也是继今年6月在藏北展开“江湖源科考”后的又一重大科考行动,科考地主要集中在西藏的阿里地区。在中科院青藏高原研究所的拉萨部,五支科考队、上百名科研人员整装待发,他们将在未来两个多月里,走进阿里地区,开展冰川与环境变化、湖泊河流与环境变化、流域水文气象等五个方面的综合考察。

青藏高原被誉为“世界屋脊”“地球第三极”,这片神圣的净土埋藏着无数有待探寻的奥秘。与“江湖源科考”聚焦“中华水塔”不同的是,这次“河湖源”更多聚焦“亚洲水塔”。“亚洲水塔”指的是以青藏高原为主体的第三极,有众多的高山山脉,分布着除南北极之外最大的冰川群,滋润了数量众多的河流和湖泊。此次考察地点就将以亚洲水塔为核心,包括雅鲁藏布江的源头杰玛央宗冰川、纳木那尼冰川等。

河湖源冰川与环境变化考察队队长邬光剑说:“雅鲁藏布江是世界上海拔最高的大河,这次科考的目的就是要在雅江源头杰玛央宗冰川的末端,建立一个大本营,对这个冰川物质平衡,进行详细地观测。同时还有对冰川融水以及雅江上游的径流进行观测,就想确认一下全球变暖背景下,杰玛央宗冰川如何响应全球变化。”

专家认为,青藏高原是全球气候变暖极强烈的地区,变暖幅度是全球平均值的2倍,青藏高原超常变暖正在影响亚洲水塔和生态屏障的安全,开展此次科考的目的就是为“守护好世界上最后一方净土”提供科技支撑。

中科院青藏高原研究所所长姚檀栋说:“现在发生的气候变暖过程,实际上对亚洲水塔是很有威胁的。它是怎么个威胁法,过程是什么,以后会怎么变化,只有通过考察研究以后,才能有所了解,才能对症下药,提出以后的应对方案。

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