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31省份金融业增加值占GDP比重大排名

2017-08-21 19:15:33   新华网

  是过度金融化?还是金融发育不足?

前不久,全国人大财经委副主任委员黄奇帆曾分析金融业增加值占比增长背后金融业“脱实向虚”的隐忧:银行把钱借给小银行,小银行把钱借给租赁公司,租赁公司把钱给了小贷公司,小贷公司把钱贷给各种金融业,自我循环过程中每一个金融企业都要有利润,都要有用工成本,这些成本就是金融业的GDP,所以金融业GDP如果多了一倍,意味着实体经济的融资成本也提高了,转化为利润、税收和金融业的GDP。

因此,随着我国金融业增加值占比的增加,也引发了外界对经济过度金融化的担忧。赵建向记者分析说:“当前经济的确存在过度金融化的问题,如果一直这么下去对经济的影响是显而易见的。”

他认为,过度金融化会造成三方面的风险和危害。

首先,过度金融化会导致风险迅速积累。金融是一个高风险行业,尤其是发达国家的金融危机已经表明,金融业占GDP的比重越高,潜在的风险越大,因为大量的投资为了追求高收益而将资金配置到高风险的资产上。美国次贷危机发生以前,次级债这样的垃圾债竟然成为投资者竞相配置的热点,这在以前是不可思议的。

其次,过度金融化会导致监管成本越来越高,经济运行越来越不稳定。整个金融产业链越来越长、交易结构越来越复杂,对监管造成巨大的挑战,监管的难度越来越大,国家向监管体系投入的资源也越来越多,而且在监管过松和监管过度之间也很难拿捏,稍有不慎还会造成监管不当风险,导致经济不稳定比如发生钱荒、债灾等。

再次,过度金融化会导致资源错配,形成对实体经济的资源挤出。实体经济收益率越来越低,但融资成本却相对越来越高;大量的要素资源,包括人才和金融资源本身,从实体经济向金融产业转移,对经济造成“挤出效应”。

不过,恒丰银行研究院执行院长董希淼对《中国经济周刊》记者表示:“因为我国长期以来处于经济学理论上的‘金融抑制’状态,金融市场自由化程度低,金融机构市场机制不足,政府对金融体系严格管制,对利率、汇率等干预较多。”因此他更倾向认为,目前所谓的过度金融化是一种表象,其深层次的原因在于两个方面:一方面是当前实体经济比较困难,制造业在尚未完成转型升级时后劲不足,逐利的资金自然流入金融业;另一方面,金融供给结构相对老化,尚未与经济结构转型升级完全对接,金融供给仍然存在所有制偏好。

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