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金融扶贫重在创新
2017-08-18 08:28:55 中国青年网
发展普惠金融,是农村中小金融机构的一个永恒的主题,也是国家层面赋予农村中小金融机构的历史使命。开展金融扶贫,是农村中小金融机构履行社会责任的重要举措,也是发展普惠金融的核心所在。当前的重点则在于如何通过金融创新来发展普惠金融,惠及民生。
首先,鼓励金融机构在农村贫困地区的创新与发展。一是鼓励发展较好的农商行到县域设点,服务触角要向下延伸到村镇,积极发展村镇银行、融资性担保机构、小额贷款公司等新型农村金融机构,不断提高区域金融服务能力。二是建立农业贷款奖励机制,地方政府每年对服务三农情况进行考量与奖励,区别对待不同的商业银行,政府相关资源要向扶贫地区的商行倾斜。三是大力发展土地银行,建立担保机制,逐步解决农村缺少抵押担保问题。四是建立整村授信机制,逐村逐户授信,让农民感到贷款如同取款一样便捷。五是大力推行银行卡助农取款业务,要率先实现助农取款服务站村级全覆盖,农民各种补贴的支取都可以做到足不出村,即所谓打通金融服务“最后一公里”,补齐短板,构建支农、惠农、便农的“支付绿色通道”,改善农村地区支付服务环境,增加普惠金融服务的有效供给。六是发挥开发性、政策性金融机构在农村扶贫开发中的主力作用,积极争取对棚户区改造、新型城镇化发展、美丽乡村建设、异地扶贫搬迁等农村基础设施和农业产业化重点扶持项目的中长期贷款支持,不断提高农村基础性金融服务的可得性和便利性。
其次,创新保险业务,提高贫困地区民生保障水平。农村脱贫是需要多组织多部门发力的,从维护金融扶持的安全保障性角度看,保险不失为一项有效措施,也就是要突出强化保险的服务功能,可以说这是金融扶贫工作的重要保障和支撑。方式可以有一下几种:一是建立政府主导的救助机制,即政府出资一点、社会捐助一点、农民出资一点,共同建立保险基金。对所有贫户每年投保,对自然灾害、大病等意外事故进行赔偿,用有限的财政资金拓展民生保障范围。二是积极推进政策性农业保险试点工作,不断扩大玉米、水稻、养殖、特色产业本地特色优势农产品承保规模,有效防范农户经营风险,对农村种、养殖业的经营发展提供了重要保障。三是鼓励保险公司通过“龙头企业+基地+农户”“农村合作组织+农户”等模式,积极开展种植业养殖业特色农业保险。建立政府、银行、保险公司三方合作机制,积极推进涉农小额贷款保证保险,提高金融机构放贷积极性。四是推广农村小额人身保险、农村小额信贷保险等普惠保险服务,加大保费财政补贴力度,对开展涉农保险业务的保费收入实行税收减免优惠,提高涉农保险风险保障水平。五是通过政府向有资质的商业保险机构购买服务等方式,建立贫困人群大灾、大病风险分散机制,防止因灾、因病返贫。
此外,还要在金融产品和金融服务创新上下功夫,并依托完善的金融扶贫机制开展扶贫。一是建立政府、金融机构、农户联动机制,创新抵押、担保方式,探讨林权、土地经营权抵押,研究推广动产和不动产抵押创新业务,以缓解“三农”融资难的抵押、担保难问题。二是线上线下结合,依托“互联网+”,建立金融服务平台,集聚整合金融产品及服务等信息,打造网上金融街,促进金融资源高效对接,帮助农民线上线下销售。三是创新普惠金融产品和服务,实现一村一特色发展模式。创新基于贫困地区各类产权的金融产品,扩大抵押物品种和范围,盘活农村资源、资金、资产,定向精准支持特色优势产业发展。加快建立银贷、银担对接合作推进机制,激励融资性担保公司、小额贷款公司等准金融机构积极拓展业务,切实降低贫困地区实体经济融资成本。四是大力推广手机银行、网上银行、微信银行等服务方式的同时,适应互联网金融发展趋势,促进互联网金融与传统金融的有机融合,畅通普惠金融服务渠道。
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