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千年古都建“地宫”

2017-08-21 08:51:48   新华网

除要面对空间的局促,这里的管廊施工还要解决噪音控制、交通疏导等问题。

“虽说管廊建成后,可以带来长久的安宁,但施工过程也得讲究,不能还没建好,就先招来一堆投诉。”张平带着记者见识了一件“静音法宝”——静压植桩机。若非近观,你根本发现不了它正以20分钟一根的速度打桩,走到约莫15米远时,才能听见它动力部分的低声轰鸣。据介绍,该项目一直按照市政施工要求,将噪音控制在60分贝以内。

为了减小对道路交通的影响,项目部也得精心设计方案。在项目部,记者见到一份《人民路交通疏导方案》,该方案中,人民路管廊被分为5段,分段施工、分期占道。方案还详细计算了标准段围挡最小的宽度,即管廊宽度(9.1米)+施工操作面(1.2米×2)+支护桩宽度(0.45米×2)+围挡至支护桩的安全距离(0.8米×2),算下来总共14米,恰好占原来28米宽的道路的一半。此外,管廊施工段每200米还要设置一个限高杆,使车辆尤其是大车经过时减速慢行,以减轻其对基坑边坡的扰动。

“一般来说,综合管廊应建设在中心区、商务区等人口高密度区,老城区尽量结合旧城改造、道路提升等工程同时建设,新开发地区应同步启动建设。”在李跃飞看来,在老城区建设管廊,对城市面貌改善的作用更为明显。

  “探索未知的世界”

管廊建成后,给水、再生水、热力、电力、电信、燃气、污水等管线都将迁至“地宫”,留给人们崭新的“无线”古都

“西安是千年古都,你们不会挖出什么文物古董,损坏什么遗址吧?”记者问。

“这个你放心!真正的墓葬、文物在比较深的地方,我们开挖得还浅着呢!”张平笑着说。

虽不用担心这些,但建设地下管廊,面对的毕竟是一片未知的世界,由此带来的“麻烦”,往往不亚于施工本身。

“所有管线在土方开挖之前,都必须先确定好迁改方案。”张平告诉记者,在设计阶段,管廊设计者要查阅所有能找到的管线普查资料,彻底摸清此前地下空间的利用情况。不过,有些管线铺设年代较早,图纸很难再找到,而且,过去有些管线实际上也并未严格地按照图纸施工,使得设计难度陡增。为了解决这个问题,只能进行“物探”,用工具去一点一点地摸清地下情况才行。即便如此,也存在着漏探率,只能小心开挖。

同样是地下空间利用,管廊建设还要协调好与地铁建设的关系。“地铁隧道一般采用盾构技术在地底下‘钻’,深度一般在地下20米左右,我们则是明挖,深度更浅。”张平说。可是,管廊如果遇到从地面“扎”至地下的地铁站时,确实比较麻烦。“现在的解决方案,一般是管廊主动绕开地铁站。也有项目试着将地铁站与管廊‘融为一体’,交叉分布,但目前尚在探索之中。”李跃飞说。

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