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千年古都建“地宫”

2017-08-21 08:51:48   新华网

两侧弄利索了,脚底站稳当了,管廊主体就能开始“搭骨架”了——先组装模具,再绑扎钢筋,完成浇筑后,模车再退出——现浇环节与建造房屋差异不大,但因建于地下,防水要求高出不少。“我国地下管廊的设计寿命为100年,我们必须设法让成天‘睡’在土里的管廊少受地下水和湿气的侵袭。”孔繁锋列出一项项防水妙招:结构本体,采用抗渗性能更好的P8级防水混凝土;凡是施工缝,都用橡胶止水带紧紧“粘”住;管廊的底板、顶板和外墙,也全都要用厚厚的防水卷材牢牢“裹”住。

搭完骨架,管廊主体就算基本完工了,只剩下回填土方等工作。之后,各式管道便能入住这栋宽10.8米、高3.4米的“三居室”了。记者感觉,管线尚未入廊,管廊稍显空旷,“既然花费昂贵,为何不能建得矮一些、窄一些呢?”

孔繁锋道出缘由:目前,我国对铺设管道都有相关标准和细则,比如,天然气、电力、热力管道一定不能“同屋”;又如,虽然热力管道只有0.6米粗,但周边必须留出检修空间、操作距离,至少能通得过一辆运输小车;再者,从高度上看,管廊上部必须留出0.8米的高度,供照明、消防、通风、供电等设备使用。此外,有些空间还要预留出来,以防将来有“新住户”,如目前尚不具备条件的雨污管网,乃至垃圾真空管等。

  “螺蛳壳里做道场”

不同于“白纸上作画”,在老城区建管廊会面临更高技术要求

除了个头大,西安管廊项目还有个新奇之处——以往其他城市的管廊大多建于开发区、市郊区域,基本上是“白纸上作画”,而它则一头扎进了人员密集、车流繁忙的老城区,要对传统线路加以改造,相当于“螺蛳壳里做道场”。

行至临潼区人民路项目部,记者立马发现了环境上的不同:马路两旁,店挨着店、楼连着楼;往上看,线缆交错,电线杆上绕满了“蜘蛛网”。走进施工现场,内里更是不同——基坑并非顺着斜坡“侧挖”,而是用钢板桩垂直“劈下”。高达15米、厚15.5厘米、宽约40厘米的U型钢板桩相互咬合在一起,就像一个个瘦高个儿手攥着手深扎在泥土里,一直延伸到2公里外。为了抵抗土壤带来的侧压力,基坑两侧的钢板桩还要用很粗的钢管撑起来。

“在开阔地带、规划路段建设,坡可以放得足够缓,但占用空间也大。而在车来车往的人民路施工,按传统方法做是不现实的。”中国中冶陕西分公司副总经理张平介绍道,这些钢板桩每根成本高达七八千元,平均每公里就得用四五千根,“幸运的是,它可以反复用。”

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