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网约车司机沉浮记:补贴降低 收入断崖式下跌

2016-09-30 03:49:09   新京报




9月22日这天,优步的成单奖励政策。手机截图。

灰色地带

高收益的诱惑下,除了过度劳累,王斌们还要承担高风险。

网约车在成立之初,一直是执法部门打击的重点。但又屡禁不止。

在北京,1996年,出租车的数量约为6.7万辆,在之后长达20年的时间里,这个数字几乎不变。但北京市常住人口已经从1996年的1259万人,增长到了2016年年初的2190万人。

这意味着,北京市的出租车万人拥有量严重不足。

在体制的灰色地带和庞大的市场需求中,网约车野蛮生长。

王斌对剥洋葱说,他以前也开过黑车,早知道自己是非法的。接单时,他们会尽量避开人流量高的机场、火车站、医院等周边区域——在这些地方,都会有交管部门的执法人员蹲守。一旦被抓,最高面临两万元的罚款。

跑的时间长了,北京城里哪些地方有风险,大家心里都有谱儿——金融大街、西直门凯德mall、宋家庄地铁站、欢乐谷等地都需要提高警惕。

司机们也形成了攻守同盟,有人在某个路段被抓,大家会在微信群里通传,“有人在XX路段被抓,尽量绕行”。

高危时期,网约车平台也会为司机们发送短信,提示绕行路线。

但还是有撞到枪口上的时候。

有一次,金正宇在朝阳大悦城附近被查。执法人员问他,后座是谁。他回,我妹妹。妹妹叫啥?他编了个名字。对方转头问乘客,乘客无异议。

执法人员一走,金正宇赶忙说谢谢,还帮乘客免了单。

这也是大部分司机应对检查的策略——乘客一上车,就沟通好两人之间的关系和双方姓名,碰到执法检查,一起“串供”。

王斌就没这么幸运了。去年冬天的一个上午,他在南苑机场的停车场被查,罚单金额一万五。

王斌跟做贼一样,灰溜溜的。他赶紧给所属的汽车租赁公司打电话,公司跟他说,没关系,按流程处理,优步会报销罚款。

那次以后,王斌再也不敢去机场和火车站了,开车路过高危路段,也都觉得“心在颤”。

开了三年网约车的司机李明一直想不明白,为啥网约车是非法的;如果非法,为什么不查封滴滴等网约车平台。

上个世纪90年代,他曾开过几年出租车。他知道,是出租车满足不了人们的用车需求,网约车才应运而生。

从去年下半年开始,宏观层面的政策有松动,政府开始研究政策,让网约车合法化。

李明觉得更尴尬了。在没有说它合法之前,交管部门还是得去打击。那种感觉就好像,抓不着你就是合法的,抓着你就是违法的。

网约车的出现,分走了原本属于出租车的部分“蛋糕”。在一些城市,陆续出现出租车司机罢运维权事件,在天津,甚至上演了出租车司机和网约车司机在路边冲突的一幕。

好在,北京人多,市场够大,网约车和出租车的矛盾并不那么明显。

在夏天的午后,看着天津出租车司机和的哥“火拼”的新闻,北京的网约车司机和的哥们还能坐一起乘乘凉、聊聊天。偶尔冒出几句的哥的抱怨,“你们一来,我每天的收入少了七十啦”。

“最后的狂欢”

转折点发生在今年春节后。商业大佬们的市场争夺战渐入尾声。

司机们明显觉得,补贴慢慢减少了。比如,以前全天2倍的奖励,逐渐变成高峰2倍,平峰1.8倍,紧接着,高峰1.8倍,平峰1.6倍;完成固定单数的成单奖也在下滑,20块20块往下降。

有司机总结,“温水煮青蛙”。

没了补贴和奖励,司机的收益大大缩水。王斌举例,空驶4公里去接乘客,而后行程3公里,乘客付费10元,扣除20%平台费、保险费等,司机到手不到8元。按每公里油耗0.8元,7公里共计5.6元。加上电话费和车磨损,到司机账上几乎没了。

有司机接了短途的单子,会被其他人嘲笑,“学雷锋呢”。

眼看无利可图,兼职司机纷纷退出。但对王斌这样的全职司机来说,他们的生活已经和这样新兴的产业荣辱与共,说再见并不容易。

中国政法大学传播法研究中心副主任、中国互联网协会分享经济工作委员会专家委员朱巍认为,滴滴和优步资本大战带来的市场占有率是虚幻的,就像是在服用兴奋剂。“有一天不用了,他到底能跑多快,只能到时候来看一看”。

但司机们无法接受这种收入的断崖式下跌。

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