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天津滨海新区十年城变:京津冀协同发展再思考

2016-05-27 11:22:31   

京津格局之变,有一种观察是视角认为始于1984年,天津经济技术开发区(简称泰达)成为中国首批14个国家级开发区之一。当时,天津开发区真正实现“三通一平”的土地不过2平方公里,签约企业也仅有41家,投资总额不足8000万美元,投产企业仅2家,年产值区区3872万元。然而,日后的泰达蒸蒸日上,不仅经济总量多年领跑中国各级开发区,更一度占到天津市经济总量的一半。

两年之后的1986年8月19日至21日,邓小平在视察天津开发区时,深受鼓舞的老人欣然挥毫题词“开发区大有希望。”(这几乎成为中国开发区发展模式的“圣经”,深刻地影响了中国开发区的发展)并鼓励天津:“你们在港口和城市之间有这么多荒地,这是个很大的优势,我看你们潜力很大,可以胆子大点,发展快点。”这是滨海新区最初的轮廓。差不多同一时期,京津冀协同发展,也在酝酿之中。

1994年的春天,天津市决定在天津经济技术开发区、天津港保税区的基础上“用十年左右的时间,基本建成滨海新区”。经过10余年自主发展后,2006年5月26日,国家发布了《国务院推进天津滨海新区开发开放有关问题的意见》,正式批复天津滨海新区为全国综合配套改革试验区。

在批复规划滨海新区之前,时任国务院总理温家宝在考察天津时指出,加快天津滨海新区开发开放是环渤海区域及全国发展战略布局中重要的一步棋,走好这步棋,对于促进区域经济发展、实施全国总体发展战略部署,具有重大的意义。

梳理其成立的脉络,不难看出,设立滨海新区的目的之一便是服务于京津冀协同发展。此后,滨海新区掀起了长达十年的开发开放浪潮,经济总量突飞猛进,生产总值由2005年的1634亿元上升到2015年的9300亿元,累计完成固定资产投资3.5万亿元,地区生产总值年均增长20.1%。

几乎在同一时期,围绕京津冀地区的讨论、会议、规划、名称概念从未停止,但这些努力总是雷声大、雨点小,有会议文件、无实质进展。伴生而来的,是总人口数超过1亿的京津冀地区,生态环境持续恶化、城镇体系发展失衡、区域与城乡发展差距不断扩大等问题。北京更是被认为雾霾垂天、交通拥堵等“大城市病”的重症患者。

2015年4月30日,中共中央政治局审议通过《京津冀协同发展规划纲要》,酝酿了多年的京津冀协同发展的顶层设计终于出炉。

2016年两会期间,全国第一个跨省市区域的“十三五”规划落地于京津冀协同发展,确定了9个方面的重点任务。这一战略的核心是有序疏解北京非首都功能,要在京津冀交通一体化、生态环境保护、产业升级转移等重点领域率先取得突破。其中,交通一体化是京津冀协同发展的“急先锋”。

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