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地方财政依赖房地产 开发商:有时政府阻止降价

2016-02-27 10:25:22    华夏时报

这似乎还是一个迫不得已的选择。

据了解,不论是一线城市还是二三线城市,五六年前买下的土地,如果至今未开发,光地价就翻了数倍,完全可以坐享其成。“地价占了房地产开发成本的相当比例,且一年比一年高,由此带动房价往上涨。”我爱我家的一位工作人员说,地价比房价涨得更快。

据上述中介工作人员介绍,地价炒高源于政府采用拍卖的方式出让土地,把地价不断推向高点。而随着央企大举介入房地产开发,因为不缺钱又有政府背景,结果导致地王频现,这一切都成了房价上涨的背后推手。

除 土地价格暴涨外,房地产的其他成本也在不断上升,比如钢材、水泥等建材价格。“可能有人会说,建材成本的增加,在房地产成本构成中所占比例微不足道,对房 价的影响有限。”长期为房地产提供钢材、水泥的建材商刘冰明确表示,到今天为止,房地产仍然是暴利行业,是其他任何行业难以匹敌的。

“成本增加,开发商是不可能自己掏腰包的,肯定要转嫁到房价上去的。”刘冰说,尽管建材成本对房价的推动不大,但并不等于没有推动,相反还为开发商提供了房价上涨的借口。

另外,房地产的规模效益明显,并与中国的大小城市扩容相伴相生。据报道,当初广州的城区面积仅一千多平方公里,如今已扩大至3800多平方公里。像广州一样,如此快速扩张的城市不在少数。

水 涨船高,房价降不下来,库存则越积越多。数据显示,到去年12月底,全国房地产待售面积为7.18亿平方米,在建面积73.5亿平方米,超过80亿平方米 的库存。按照业内的估计,要去掉如此海量的库存,至少需要6年的时间。“去库存并非只是卖房那么简单。”张大伟说。 难解的症结

在过去十余年中,各地方经济的发展早已离不开房地产这一支柱产业,未来也很难从根本上转变。这是一个解不开的结。

“在县市级的地方,房地产仍然是当之无愧的支柱产业,这就是为什么中央进行调控,他们很难积极配合的根源所在。”四川省一位要求匿名的副市长曾对《华夏时报》记者表示,经济发展落后的地方,没有大的产业项目,只有依靠房地产来带动经济的发展。

正 是基于此,房地产成了地方政府财政收入的主要来源,有的地方甚至成了“惟一”的来源。数据显示,2015年各地房地产销售12.8495亿平方米,政府拿 了销售额8.7281万亿元的73%;其中,房地产开发所需的土地供应,成为各地方财政的主要组成部分。记者在采访中看到,在一些地方官员看来,对于房地 产业,无论中央怎么调控,地方政府总有自己的算盘。

“离开房地产,各行各业都将受到打击。”上述副市长表示,房地产的带动作用是不可低估的,能带动几乎所有行业的发展。

另外,不可否认的是,在中国,房子是居住的,更是一种理想的投资品。在银行利息很低、股市风险较大等因素催动下,房子成了最为保值增值的投资品。

“从商品房诞生至今,可以说其价格行情一路高奏凯歌。即使有房价下挫的时段,那也是短暂的。”一位炒房者说,房子超强的增值能力,像兴奋剂一样令人振奋。许多已经买过房的人都享受到了房子巨大增值所带来的好处,进而一而再、再而三地不断买房。

对 于市场上“降房价”的呼声,广西南宁鼎盛联合置业董事长任尔翔说,只有地方政府减少对土地财政的依赖,推出更多实质性优惠措施,开发商才有降价空间,房价 才能稳住。但问题是,如何让地方政府学会为自己的错误买单,让市场机制真正发挥决定性作用,让房价有涨有降,恐怕这不是一件容易的事情。

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