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美媒:中国电子作战机群壮大 预警机数量堪比美国

2016-12-05 13:04:52   参考消息

参考消息网11月15日报道 美媒称,中国已经开发并生产了数款新型的电子战飞机。尽管其中一些使用了双引擎的民用飞机,但大多数使用的是中国版的美国C-130运输机。其中最新的一版是运-9运输机,它将补充并在稍晚时候取代较早的运-8飞机。作为电子战飞机,它们分别被称作运-8G和运-9G飞机。第一批生产的3架新款飞机已作为运-9G ELINT飞机(ELINT是“电子情报”的英文缩写)进入海军服役。目前现役有超过20架运-8G电子战飞机,运-9G将对这些飞机进行补充,并最终取代它们。

据美国战略之页网站11月13日报道,中国空军和海军目前有约30架基于运-8和运-9飞机的电子战飞机。其中有至少11架被用于电子情报用途,包括数量越来越多的运-8GX5预警机。它们还有一个名字叫空警-200型预警机,这些飞机被派到南海和沿海地区执行任务。

报道称,中国预警机的数量几乎和美国一样多,但是眼下其电子设备的性能以及机组人员的经验还赶不上美国,而且尽管这些飞机和C-130飞机相似,但其可靠度却不如后者。所有这些问题都在慢慢得到解决。尽管中国对其电子战飞机上电子装备的细节仍然保密,但这些运输机的研发细节往往是公开的。

比如,中国在2011年开始试飞新的运-9运输机,该款飞机于2012年入役。运-9的设计工作是从2001年开始的,但是它的制造商遇到了人员和质量控制问题,设计工作在几年后被搁置。这项工作在2009年重启,并且很快就完成了。运-9是一款最大起飞重量77吨、由中国设计、由4个涡轮螺旋桨驱动的飞机。它可载重25吨(或是装载9个2.7x2.3米货盘,或132名空降兵)。它有4名机组人员,巡航速度为650公里/小时,最大航程7800公里。

报道称,运-9飞机从基本上讲就是61吨级的运-8F-200飞机的延伸版,运-8F-200飞机则是中国对俄罗斯的安-12飞机复制和升级后的产品。和美国的C-130一样,安-12也是在上世纪50年代研发的,它目前仍在被全球的民用货运航空公司所使用。1957年至1973年间制造了约1200架安-12飞机,1981年以后则生产了约100架运-8飞机。而截至目前已经生产了超过2400架C-130飞机。

报道称,中国想要在运输机方面减轻对俄罗斯的依赖,它注意到了最新版的C-130飞机——即C-130J飞机——所取得的成功。(C-130J的最大起飞重量为79吨,机组人员3人,可载重33吨,或是装载8个货盘或92名空降兵。)它的巡航速度为644公里/小时,最大航程7400公里。中国过去曾使用过C-130飞机的民用版本,因此目前该国有熟悉该机型设计的航空专家。

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