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外电:歼20战机存一致命弱点 能被F22轻松发现

2016-11-07 11:03:15   

原标题:美媒:歼20战机存一致命弱点能被F22轻松发现

[环球网军事11月7日报道]美国《外交政策》双月刊网站11月4日发表题为《中国对其致命的新型隐形战斗机拥有庞大计划》的文章称,11月1日,两架箭形飞机呼啸着从中国两年一度的珠海航展上空低空掠过。随着飞机引擎的轰鸣引发地面汽车的报警器纷纷响起,中国的第一款隐形战斗机完成了其首次公开亮相:歼-20隐形战斗机来了。

歼-20是一款极具抱负的飞机。它配备两台引擎,采用意在蒙蔽敌方雷达的隐形外部设计。这款单座飞机在驾驶舱两侧有两个进气道,并拥有一对小型鸭翼和两个垂直稳定器。一对匕首形机腹导流片一定程度上从侧面隐藏了涡轮风扇引擎的排气。

中国的设想是制造一款“第五代战斗机”,融先进航空电子技术、高性能引擎和机身、先进战场通信以及隐形设计于一身。

这款飞机在2011年的曝光产生的问题多于答案。飞机的隐形性能究竟如何?其使命是什么?飞机使用的是什么引擎?之前只生产过一款本土第四代战斗机的中国如何能如此迅速地列装一款第五代战斗机?这种进步有多少是因为中国的创新和投入该计划的大量资源?

上述问题有些在三年后(即2014年3月1日第一架原型机亮相飞行时)得到了解答。改进后的新设计采用了雷达吸波涂料,重新设计的座舱罩和机身外部特征如进气道和机轮舱门,以及(最为重要的)可容纳有源电子扫描雷达(AESA)的新机头。AESA雷达是现代战斗机的一项黄金标准,它可以产生互不关联的无线电波束,从而能在不暴露携带雷达的飞机位置的情况下进行探测。

甚至还添加了更多性能。红外线搜索跟踪传感器被安装在了机头下部的整流装置中,这是另一项使飞机可以利用红外线摄像头探测、识别、跟踪并最终向敌方飞机射击的西方创新。该飞机似乎还在机身的各个侧面都开有窗口,表明它可能采用了分布式孔径系统,即使飞行员无需转动脑袋就可以通过头盔看到所有方向情景的摄像头网络。

歼-20的驾驶舱内目前装有三面平板显示器,替换了传统的仪器和标度盘。座舱内还有一台平视全息显示器,这是上世纪80年代以来军用飞机上的标配,它为飞行员提供必要信息。

飞机的形状和隐形特性在开发过程中得到了进化。尽管在没有进行主动测试的情况下很难对一架飞机的隐形性能作出衡量,但歼-20的前部似乎拥有极高的隐形性能,尽管其位于驾驶舱后的鸭翼使两侧的隐形性能有所降低。飞机的后部(由于引擎排气会被一览无遗)极易被敌方雷达探测到(F-22则可以隐藏其引擎排气)。

与此同时,该战斗机引擎的来源证明是中国的一个难题。歼-20需要两台大功率、高性能引擎,以便进行“超级巡航”(即在满载武器和燃料情况下以超音速巡航飞行)。中国航空工业在高性能喷气引擎开发方面远落后于西方和俄罗斯。与其前身歼-10战斗机一样,早期的歼-20机型采用的是进口的俄罗斯AL-31FN引擎,但是预料量产版机型将采用国产的WS-15引擎,它们将提供高出50%的推力。

那么这款飞机究竟有什么用途?拥有三个内置武器舱的双引擎飞机能够执行一系列任务。歼-20的一个潜在用途是作为远程打击机,它能够穿透敌人防空网络,对诸如机场、指挥和控制基地及其他军事设施等重要地面目标发射导弹。另一个用途是像F-22那样作为实现空中优势的手段,即意在与敌机在远离中国本土的地方决战,例如在南海和东海的争议区域上空。

歼-20的出现是中国航空工业和军事力量的巨大飞跃。我们仍未确切了解这种战机的能力以及在未来它将面临的难题。但是有一件事是肯定的:西方必须认真对待这款战机和中国的军事工业。

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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