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美媒称中国偷师美作战手册 欲复制美海军陆战队

2016-01-31 10:46:12   环球网

为了建立一支更加具有开拓能力的解放军海军陆战队,中国逐渐开始学习和效仿美军海军陆战队,包括其作战信条:在每一个地方战斗。从中可以看出,其冬训和沙漠训练是非常有意义的。回忆上个世界80年代冷战时期,除了丛林和沙漠作战,美国海军陆战队的一项主要任务就是在挪威,在那里进行一系列显著的以寒冷天气下相当集中的兵团级别作战为背景的训练。

值得注意的是,解放军海军陆战队的未来将不再局限于只是静态的防御和进攻的区域性角色。2015年8月,当北京把首次联合两栖登陆作战演习作为与俄罗斯联合举办的“海上联合-2015军演”的一部分的时候,把解放军海军陆战队投放到远超其周边地区执行任务这背后最明显的一个意义逐渐显露出来。据解放军官员称,这是解放军首次通过远航,把装甲车以及地面部队直接输送到海外演习区域。演习涉及到通过14辆ZBD-05两栖步兵战车(等同于美军海军陆战队的AAV-7)输送超过100名解放军海军陆战队员,从距离符拉迪沃斯托克海岸超过一公里之外的071型长白山号船坞登陆舰下海航行。另外24名解放军海军陆战队员由直升机绳索系住,与此同时,一辆小型的072A型云雾山号登陆艇将六辆步兵战车以及26名解放军海军陆战队员直接输送到海岸上。

海上联合-2015(II)演习为解放军海军陆战队在未来进行远征行动打下了坚实的基础。然而,想要实现这个目标,在能力建设的各个方面投入大量资金是必需的。碰巧的是,北京可以负担得起迄今他负担不起的各种类型的军费开支。由于它非常符合解放军集中综合作战力量的宏观战略,解放军海军陆战队成为最主要的受益者。除了深入开展各种气候条件下的训练来实践其信条,解放军海军陆战队还要重振其投送部队的物理能力。

欲建中国式两栖战备群和远征打击群

作为学习和效仿美国海军陆战队的一部分,解放军海军陆战队也在逐渐增强其机动性和火力。无论是ZBD-05还是ZBD-2000两栖步兵战车已经开始批量生产,其表面目的是取代所有解放军海军陆战队诸如63/63A型水陆两栖轻型坦克等老式装甲车。但最显著一直是解放军海军的战略海运能力逐步加强,能够支持解放军海军陆战队走出东亚开展远征行动。

解放军海军已经有一系列的两栖登陆船。但是,北京热衷于建造更大、更强有力的登陆船,就像美国海军使用的一样,例如,最新的美国级两栖攻击舰(LHA)。2015年4月,总部位于北京的杂志《中国海事透露》通过其官方微博透露一款海军未来两栖登陆舰(LHA)的模型。这艘登陆舰在其飞行甲板上有着6到10架中型直升机的着陆点,但值得注意的是,除了这种登陆舰中常见的内部甲板(除了旗舰美国号航空母舰这种奇葩之外),它似乎只有一个尾部升降电梯,这样就存在战斗中无法使用使得飞行操作瘫痪的风险。075型登陆舰备受中内外人士吹捧,据《汉和防务评论》报称它具有指定M1,舰艇长度不小于200米,排水量达40000-50000吨。和美国级非常相似,这艘中国登陆舰(LHA)将能够起飞垂直起降(VTOL)战斗机、直升机、气垫登陆艇和两栖突击车。

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