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中印驼峰航线有多艰险?战斗机飞越还需轰炸机护航

2017-02-20 15:05:06   雷曼军事现代舰船

主要从印度东北部飞向昆明的驼峰航线沿途,有亲敦江、伊洛瓦底江、怒江、澜沧江和金沙江五条大河,帕特开山、高黎贡山、怒山等几大山脉,沿途超过6500米的山峰不少于10座,对于二战时代的任何运输机来说这都是最极端的考试。

下面介绍一下驼峰航线曾经使用和计划使用的几种主要机型,以及驼峰航线人员对这些飞机的评价吧。

道格拉斯C-47,在欧洲战场被评价为“忠实的战马、运输机代名词”,在这里的评价是“弹子机里飞转的生鸡蛋”、“没底的锅”。因为C-47装上货物后升限大大下降,根本无力飞越驼峰航线上的大多数山峰,只能在常常云雾缭绕的山间峡谷里进行危险的飞行。同时,C-47的货舱地板结构脆弱难以承受沉重货物,加固地板的重量使载货量进一步下降,运输效率也不高。

寇蒂斯C-46,在欧洲和太平洋战区的外号是“飞行宫殿、大力神”,在驼峰这里的外号却是“飞行棺材”、“管道工的噩梦”。虽然C-46升限高、飞行速度较快载重量也大,但她在这种极端环境下故障率高,在投入驼峰飞行的前五个月C-46就摔掉了20%。另外,她的座舱加温系统很不可靠,不是过热就是根本不工作,座舱照明灯在低能见度下感觉相当微弱,飞行员看地图十分费劲。为此,中国和印度两地共同制定了30多项现场改进措施并全部实施后才又对C-46放飞。

联合公司C-87运输机,这种飞机是从B-24重型轰炸机改成运输机而来,在其他战区使用较少,在驼峰航线则大量投入。她在这里的外号是“臭杂种的新发明”、“狂爱地面的婊子”。因为C-87的漏油情况特别严重,有时会引发意外的起火甚至爆炸,而且其飞行品质相当糟糕,在结冰情况下很容易失去控制。

另一种从B-24改进而来的运输机是空中油船C-109,这种飞机是专门为了给中国境内的基地空运汽油而设计的,她的外号是“C一零爆”,因为这种飞机机身内置9个大型运输油箱,全部装满后其操控性能甚至还不如已经很差的C-87。投入驼峰航线的总计200多架C-109中有80多架最终损毁于事故。而且更可怕的是,驾驶舱后面全是汽油,一旦降落时发生意外,将把整架飞机和全部机组成员炸成火球。

道格拉斯C-54,在欧洲的外号是“运输霸王”,在驼峰这里是“不敢踩高跷的小丑、废料”,因为它的升限更低,只能在开辟了低海拔区域的驼峰航线后方能投入运输飞行。

按说装载着货物的低性能运输机通过驼峰很危险也算正常,那么作战飞机在飞越驼峰航线时表现又如何呢?

在美军战斗机部队从印度向中国基地转场的飞行过程中,飞驼峰航线次数少的战斗机飞行员们必须有轰炸机护航!比如在第23战斗机大队的新飞行员转场时,这些初来乍到的毛头小资们每四架飞机就有一架多配了一名领航员的B-25轰炸机在前方引导飞行,要不然会很快在茫茫群山中失去方向,最后迷航坠毁在密林里面。

即便驼峰航线如此凶险,仍然不能阻止盟国抗击日军的决心。在总计三年半时间里,飞越驼峰航线的飞机总计运输了65万吨物资和33400名人员,其中中国航空公司CNAC运输了75000吨。为了达成这一伟大成就,最高峰时共有640架飞机投入驼峰航线,三年半里超过500架飞机坠毁,468个美国和46个中国机组牺牲。

中国人民永远不会忘记你们的,驼峰英雄!

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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