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蒋介石写过不下10份遗嘱 开始未打算让蒋经国接班

2016-12-21 15:20:34   

其实蒋介石晚年就不太考虑很具体的问题了。他身体不是很好,蒋经国每天早晚两次去见他,行政上的事情包括人事等都是蒋经国在面见时汇报,回头再在会上传达,其他人是见不到蒋介石的。

我认为当时蒋介石最关心的是和美国的关系,担心台湾被美国抛弃。因为台湾已经“退出”联合国,如果再失去美国支持,就更加岌岌可危。

从蒋介石晚年日记中可以看出,他更多地在关心国际大事,包括欧洲、非洲、东南亚国家的局势。对于台湾内部的政治、经济建设不太操心,偶尔会关注人事的布置安排。这里的原因在于,台湾的局面是否能继续维持,不在于他自己怎么努力,而在于国际格局怎么变化。如果变化不好,他就被人家玩掉了。他自己没有任何砝码。

东方早报:蒋介石最终把“接班人”的位置传给了蒋经国,这个“传子计划”是如何一步步形成的?

陈红民:我认为一开始是没有所谓“传子计划”的。

蒋介石和蒋经国的关系原来并不好,毛福梅(编注:蒋经国生母)去世后交流障碍才逐渐少了。蒋介石真正开始培养蒋经国是1940年代蒋经国进入中央干校,那时候他就开始说“革命后继有人”。1949年政局变化,在众叛亲离的情况下,只有蒋经国陪着他,这时蒋介石对蒋经国的认识就有一个比较大的变化,后来在台湾才真正开始培养蒋经国。

但培养蒋经国接班有两个大的挑战:一方面是美国的态度。蒋经国当时访问了美国五六次,很大程度上就是为了了解和接触美国,也让美国方面了解他。

第二方面是内部的阻力,比如吴国桢、陈诚这些老一辈“权臣”。早期是通过陈诚和吴国桢两个人的矛盾相互牵扯,当然这不只是蒋经国的问题,甚至还威胁到蒋介石的权威。1965年陈诚去世之后基本上没人能对蒋经国造成威胁,剩下的问题是怎样培养他。所以从“国防部长”再到“行政院副院长”,从军到政的过程,都让他去历练。

东方早报:蒋介石不信任老部下,执意要儿子接班,是否受到大陆时期的经历和教训的影响?

陈红民:不完全是,当然这可能是一个原因。蒋介石是一个从传统社会走出来的人,他有现代政治意识但他做不到,甚至他不知道怎么做。我个人感觉,他对未来要建设一个什么样的现代化国家,没有蓝图。

所以他很多政治经验都来自传统社会。他首先是要确保国民党政权不丢掉。第二,在把他所有的对手打倒的情况下,只有蒋经国能接班,因为他手下已经没有人可以继承他——陈诚去世,吴国桢被赶走,剩下的这些人中,严家淦比较能干,但他在国民党内部的资历很浅,军队也不会听他的,这样的一个人,没有办法来领导国民党的政权。

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